Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE (ADMA) AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS5715805679310.12816/0040346ENMostafaA. ElBallatDepartments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityAlsayedM. RashedDepartments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityOsamaM. AliDepartments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityKamelS. HammadDepartments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityAbdelazizK. AunDepartments of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20170701<strong>Background:</strong> Serum ADMA level was high in hemodialysis patients as compared to healthy control population. Increase in ADMA levels may play a role in atherosclerosis dependent morbidity and mortality.<strong> Objective: </strong>Assessment of the relationship between serum ADMA and atherosclerosis. <strong>Patients and</strong> <strong>Methods: </strong>Serum ADMA was measured using ADMA ELISA Kit; atherosclerosis was assessed by non- invasive methods including FMD and CIMT in 3 groups (50 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis, 25 CKD patients and 25 healthy control subjects). <strong>Results: </strong>CKD and ESRD patients on regular hemodialysis have significantly greater ADMA, CIMT and lesser FMD than do control subjects with normal renal function. Both groups of patients have higher cholesterol and triglycerides levels than do control subjects which could be related to serum ADMA. Serum albumin was reduced in hemodialysis and CKD patients. It has an inverse correlation with serum ADMA. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients of CKD and hemodialysis have earlier endothelial dysfunction than do control group and this explained why they have higher incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Integration of ADMA into currently applied risk scores still needs to be validated.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701ADDITION OF PANCURONIUM AND NITROGLYCERIN TO LIDOCAINE FOR INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL ANESTHESIA IN UPPER EXTREMITY SURGERY: BLOCK CHARACTERISTICS AND POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA5815945679410.12816/0040347ENMostafaM. MahdyAnesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptAbdullaM. AhmedAnesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptMostafaM. SabraAnesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptAhmedS. HamadaAnesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20170701<strong>Background: </strong>Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) provides reliable and rapid analgesia with good muscle relaxation of the extremity distal to the tourniquet, but tourniquet pain and absence of post-operative analgesia are major drawbacks. Nitroglycerine and muscle relaxants are known to potentiate peripheral nerve blocks. <strong>Objective: </strong>Comparing nitroglycerine and pancuronium as adjuvants to IVRA with respect, block characteristics, and post- operative analgesia. <strong>Patient and Methods: </strong>This study was carried out in Al- Azhar University Hospitals for 6 months ( from 1/4/2016 to 1/10/2016 ) on 60 patients of both sexes aged 20-50 years, and belonging to ASA I & II undergoing forearm and hand surgeries. Patients were randomely divided into three equal groups ( 20 patients at each group ) . <em>Group I received </em>40 cc of 3 mg/kg of lidocaine diluted in normal saline (0.9 % NaCl), <em>Group II recieved </em>40 cc of 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine diluted in normal saline (0.9% NaCl) with 200 µg nitroglycerine, and <em>Group III received </em>40 cc of 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine diluted in normal saline (0.9 % NaCl with 200 µg nitroglycerin and 0.5 mg pancuronium. <strong>Results: </strong>Group I has the slowest sensory and motor onset time, but the shortest sensory and motor recovery time. There was no significant difference between Group II and III as regarding sensory onset and recovery times, but Group III has shoter motor onset time and more prolonged motor recovery time than Group II. As regard postoperative analgesic requirements, Group II and III needed less analgesic doses than Group I, but there was no significant difference between Group II and III. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Addition of 0.5 mg pancuronium and 200 µg nitroglycerin as adjuvant to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia reduced the dose of lidocaine used for IVRA, shortened the sensory and motor block onset times, prolonged the sensory and motor block recovery times, and reduced the postoperative analgesic requirement and improved the quality of intravenous regional anesthesia with no side effects.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN SEVERE OLIGOZOOSPERMIC INFERTILE MALES5956065679510.12816/0040348ENAliRamadan RabieDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Al-Azhar University Faculty of MedicineAhmadKamel Seddeik Abdel-HameedDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Al-Azhar University Faculty of Medicine
Assisted reproduction unit, the International Islamic Centre for Population Studies and Research (IICPSR), Al-Azhar UniversityMahmoudFawzy Abdel HamidDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology,HeshamFayek Ismail KayedDepartment of Human Cytogenetics, National Research CentreAhmedMohamed Maher Abdel RahmanMisr University for Science and TechnologyJournal Article20170701<strong>Background:</strong> Genetic abnormalities account for 15-30% of infertility in males.Chromosomal abnormalities alone are responsible for approximately 5% of male infertility.<br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> Determining the prevalence and type of chromosomal abnormalities in a group of infertile Egyptian males with severe oligozoospermia.<br /> <strong>Patients and methods:</strong> Karyotyping was performed on peripheral blood lymphocyte samples of 60 infertile Egyptian men with severe oligozoospermia (sperm count ≤ 5×10<sup>6</sup>/ml)during the period between April 2015 and June 2016.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Out of the 60 patients studied, chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 5 (8.33%) patients. All the identified abnormalities were structural autosomal abnormalities.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These results highlighted the importance of genetic screening and counselling for males with severe oligozoospermia before scheduling them for any of the assisted reproduction techniques.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CARNOSINE ON CADMIUM-INDUCED RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN OLD RATS6076265679610.12816/0040349ENGehaneM. HamedDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityAnsamA. SeifDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityDoaaMoahmmed Abdel WahedDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityIbrahimSaleh MohammedDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20170701<strong>Background: </strong>L-carnosine can suppress increased renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) during the renal ischemia by its action on the central nervous system and that this suppressive effect is probably responsible for the renoprotection against ischemic/reperfusion induced renal injury. In addition, the renoprotective effect of L-carnosine on ischemic acute renal failure seems to be induced by its conversion to L-histidine and L-histamine, and it is mediated through the activation of histamine H3 receptors in the central nervous system.
<strong>Objective:</strong> Studying the effect of carnosine as a potential antioxidant agent on cadmium–induced lipid peroxidation and renal oxidative stress in aged rats.
<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The present study was performed on 45 aged female Wistar rats, weighing at the start of the study between 280-380 g. Animals were randomly divided into the following equal groups: Control group, Cadmium group, and Carnosine treated group. Blood samples were collected and were subjected to measurement of serum urea, creatinine, albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) levels, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin10 (IL-10) levels, renal tissue tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) levels and measurement of cadmium (Cd) level in blood and renal tissue. Also, histopathological study of rat kidneys was performed.
<strong>Results</strong>: Significant increases in serum urea and creatinine, MDA, IL10, serum and renal tissue NO, TNF -α, blood and renal tissue cadmium levels were encountered in cadmium group compared to control group. Carnosine treatment significantly decreased serum urea, creatinine, MDA, IL10, serum and renal tissue NO, TNF -α, blood and renal tissue cadmium levels compared to cadmium group though the levels were still significantly higher than control group. Serum albumin, serum and renal tissue SOD levels significantly decreased in cadmium group compared to control group. By treatment with carnosine, significant increases were observed compared to cadmium group though still significantly less compared to control group.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Increased lipid peroxides induced by cadmium toxicity in aged rats may implicate the renal oxidative stress. Moreover, pretreatment with carnosine successively boosted the antioxidant system through several mechanisms such as scavenging/neutralizing free radicals, regulating enzymatic/non enzymatic antioxidants. However, future work is needed to confirm our results.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE ON SERUM LIPOCALIN-2 IN ORCHIDECTOMIZED ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS6276425724610.12816/0040350ENMahaAbdelhamidDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversityNaneesF. El-MalkeyDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20170701<strong>Background:</strong> Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) was initially identified as a protein secreted from human neutrophils. It has been implicated in many functions as inflammation, cell survival, innate immunity and biology of the genitourinary system as a developmental and a protective factor. The effect of testosterone on the circulating lipocalin-2 level in adult male rats is still unknown.<br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the effect of testosterone on serum lipocalin-2 levels in orchidectomized adult male albino rats.<br /> <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> The present study was conducted on 32 adult male albino Wistar rats divided into 4 equal groups: group (I): Sham operated control group; group (II): Orchidectomized group; group (III): Orchidectomized with subcutaneous physiologic testosterone replacement therapy; group (IV): Orchidectomized with subcutaneous supra-physiologic dose of testosterone.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> In group (II) and group (III), serum lipocalin-2 level significantly decreased compared to control group. In group (IV), there was further significant reduction in serum lipocalin-2 when compared with control group, group II and group III with a significant negative correlation with serum testosterone level.<br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> Normal physiologic levels of testosterone are needed for normal lipocalin-2 expression. Disturbance of testosterone level (either by decrease or increase) significantly decreased lipocalin-2 level.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701EFFECT OF VITAMIN C AND THYMOQUINONE ON EXPERIMENTALLY BISPHENOL A INDUCED HEPATO - RENAL TOXICITY IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS6436565725810.12816/0040352ENAhmadGad AllaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar UniversityAhmadM Gad AllaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Al- Azhar UniversityJournal Article20170701<strong>Background:</strong> Bisphenol-A (BPA) is the building block of polycarbonate plastics, a hard plastic used to make numerous consumer products, including most baby bottles and water bottles.<strong> Objective</strong>: Assessing the adverse effect of oral administration of BPA on liver and kidney of adult male albino rats and evaluation of the role of vitamin C and thymoquinone (TQ) in alleviating the possible detrimental effects of BPA. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>Fifty six adult male albino rats of local strain were housed in 14 suitable metal cages(20 ×32× 20 cm for every 4 rats).They were divided into seven equal groups : The 1st group was served as a control group, the 2nd group was treated with bisphenol-A, the 3
<sup>rd</sup>
group was normal and treated with vitamin C alone ,the 4
<sup>th </sup>
group was normal and treated with thymoquinone alone, the 5
<sup>th </sup>
group was administered by bisphenol-A and treated with vitamin C, the 6
<sup>th </sup>
group was administered by bisphenol-A and treated with thymoquinone and the 7
<sup>th</sup>
group was administered by bisphenol-A and treated with both vitamin C and thymoquinone. All animals were treated for four weeks.<strong> Results</strong>: Administration of bisphenol-A (50mg/Kg body weight orally) to rats resulted in an increase in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea , creatine, and hepatic and renal MDA level, and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents of the liver and kidney as compared to control group. In contrast, the administration of vitamin C (500 mg/ kg body weight) and/ or thymoquinone(10 mg /kg body weight) to bisphenol-A treated rats attenuated the toxicity of bisphenol. This alleviation was more pronounced in the bisphenol-A group treated with both vitamin C and thymoquinone.<strong> Conclusion</strong>: BPA has detrimental effect on liver and kidney of adult male albino rats. It supported the possibility that the synergistic effect of thymoquinone and vitamin C played a notable role in protecting the liver and kidney against BPA-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in male rats.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE IN CHILDREN IN DAMIETTA GOVERNORATE FROM THE 1st OF MAY 2015 TO 1st OF JANUARY 20176576685726510.12816/0040353ENMostafaA. MohamedDepartments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, DamiettaMahamoudH. El SaeidDepartments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, DamiettaWaleedE. Abo BarakaDepartments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, DamiettaSanadFoad MahrosDepartments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, DamiettaGamalEl-deen I.A. BiomyDepartments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, CairoJournal Article20170701Background: The direct and indirect effects of substance of abuse on children lead to many adverse health and safety risks for the child, family and community. Patterns of drug abuse in children are determined not only by the availability and cost of different substances, but also by the dynamics and differences within groups, cultures and age groups. There is increasing awareness that the abuse of drugs by parents and other caregivers can have a good impact on the safety, permanence and well-being of children.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to shed light on the prevalence of drug of abuse in children in toxicology unit in Damietta governorate from the 1st of May 2015 to 1st of January 2017.
Subjects and Methods: A total of 100 abused child were detected to estimate the prevalence of drug abuse in children in Toxicology unit Al-Azhar University Hospital (New Damietta) from the 1st of May 2015 to 1st of January 2017, in addition to 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. Within one hour after arrival to emergency room, blood samples were drawn in sodium fluoride (NaF) contained tubes. Then, it was kept at 4-8 <sup>o</sup>C for subsequent test, using radioimmunoassay strips as a preliminary test, and a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a confirmatory test. The status of electrolytes, hemoglobin (Hb), liver and renal function tests, and alkaline phosphatase level were evaluated at the same time of screening the substance abuse. Cases and controls were subjected to full medical history with stressing on age, sex, smoking, behaviors, difficult temperament and the psychoactive drugs used during the previous month. This was in addition to clinical examination with special attention to neurological examination and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).
Results: The most common drugs abuse in children were tramadol (90.0%) followed by both cannabis and drugs- co-administration (50.0%), anti-psychotic drugs (30.0%), benzodiazepines (26.0%), antihistamines (13.0%), amphetamine (10.0%), then antidepressants and cough suppressants (5.0%). In control group, tramadol was also the most common drugs abuse (35.0%) followed by cough suppressants (30.0%), cannabis (25.0%), anti-psychotic drugs, benzodiazepines and drugs- co-administration (20.0% for each one), then followed by antihistamines and antidepressants (10.0% for each one). There was a significant difference in tramadol, cannabis, cough suppressants, and drugs-co administration in the study group in comparison to control group.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Tramadol is the most common drug abuse in children in Toxicology Unit in Damietta Governorate, followed by both cannabis and drugs- co-administration, anti-psychotic drugs benzodiazepines, antihistamines, amphetamine, then both antidepressants and cough suppressants respectively.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701ASSESSMENT OF UTERINE SCAR AFTER MODIFIED DOUBLE LAYER VERSUS DOUBLE LAYER CLOSURE OF THE UTERUS DURING CESAREAN SECTION6696745726710.12816/0040354ENHossamEl-Din Hussien KamelObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityHeshamFekry Ahmed Abou SennaObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityAhmedEbrahiem FahiemObstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20170701<strong>Background:</strong> Modified two layers closure consists of full thickness closure of uterus by interrupted horizontal mattress sutures in first layer followed by a continuous running suture in the second layer. To assess the healing of scar and the risk of uterine rupture in a subsequent pregnancy, ultrasonography is used in the evaluation of uterine scar in the postpartum period.
Objective: To compare the effect of different suturing techniques in cesarean section in terms of blood loss and operative time during the operation and scar thickness three months after the operation.
Patients and methods: The study included a total 60 women, they were divided into two equal groups:
<strong>● Group A</strong> underwent double layers closure of the uterus after lower segment cesarean section.
<strong>● Group B</strong> underwent modified double layers closure of the uterus after lower segment cesarean section.
Ultrasound evaluation of the scar thickness was performed at three months post partum.
Results: Results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant higher scar thickness in group B compared to group A.
Conclusion: Change in suturing technique affected the thickness of uterine scar as detected by ultrasonography in post partum period. Scar thickness significantly increased with modified two layers closure when compared with traditional two layers closure of lower transverse uterine incision.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701ENDOSCOPIC THIRD VENTRICULOSTOMY VERSUS VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNT IN TREATMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE HYDROCEPHALUS COMPLICATING PEDIATRIC POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS6756885727110.12816/0040355ENAbdelmaksodMohammed MousaDepartments of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversitySherifEzzat Abdel-AzizDepartments of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityMostafaEl Sayed MohammedDepartments of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityMohamedAhmed El BeltagyDepartments of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityAdelRagab Al MelesyDepartments of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20170701<strong>Background:</strong>Posterior fossa tumors are the most common solid tumors found in the pediatric population. Approximately, 70–90% of patients with posterior fossa tumors present with hydrocephalus. This presents an interesting problem to pediatric neurosurgeons for which there remains no consensus: What is the best management strategy for hydrocephalus at the time of the initial presentation of the patient?
<strong>Objective:</strong> This multicenter prospective cohort study compared endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in the treatment of pediatric patients with secondary obstructive hydrocephalus due to posterior fossa tumors.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> <strong>Sixty four</strong> patients with posterior fossa tumors (24 medulloblastoma, 12 ependymoma, 27 astrocytoma and 1 schwannoma) associated with secondary hydrocephalus were divided into two equal groups according to the treatment procedure done to the secondary hydrocephalus either ETV or VP shunts, with a follow-up period of 6 months, were prospectively studied in this work.
<strong>Results:</strong> Both procedures (ETV and VP shunt) proved to be effective clinically and radiographically. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) proved to be superior due to shorter duration of surgery (17 min versus 58 min), no mortality (0% versus 6.25%), and lower incidence of procedure failure (15.6% versus 21.9%) with highest success rate of 100% was for astrocytomas followed by 80% for ependymomas and 63.6% for medulloblastomas.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Both procedures (ETV and VP shunt) proved to be effective clinically and radiographically in the treatment of secondary obstructive hydrocephalus in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors. For ETV, the safety, simplicity, a more physiological of internal shunting, a significantly shorter surgery duration, absence of mortality, lower significant complications rate, a lower rate of procedure failure, the significant advantages of not becoming shunt dependent and avoidance of hardware complications (malfunction, obstruction, infection) and making safe handling and resection of the posterior fossa tumors feasible, all the previous factors made the ETV to be recommended as the first choice in the treatment of pediatric patients with obstructive hydrocephalus due to posterior fossa tumors.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701ROLE OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-21 IN WOMEN WITH PRE-ECLAMPSIA6896985727910.12816/0040356ENAmanyM. Abd ElmagidClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (girls), Al-Azhar UniversityHananA. ElewaObstetrics & Gynecology Department,
Faculty of Medicine (girls), Al-Azhar UniversityRehabR. ElawadyBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (girls), Al-Azhar UniversityWesamA. Abd EltawabBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (girls), Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20170701<strong>Background:</strong> Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome and one of the main causes of maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 was introduced as a biomarker for detection of several diseases.<br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> Evaluation of serum levels of the adipokine fibroblast growth factor-21 in patients with mild and severe preeclampsia and its correlation with other biochemical markers lipid profile and hemoglobin, in addition to blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), maternal and gestational ages.<br /> <strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Eighty patients were included in this study divided into three groups: Group 1: twenty healthy pregnant women, group 2: thirty patients with mild preeclampsia, and group 3: thirty patients with severe preeclampsia. All groups were subjected to history, clinical examination, blood pressure measurement as well as estimation of hemoglobin, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol,HDL cholesterol and fibroblast growth factor 21.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> FGF 21 in severe group increased by 102.7 % and 58.6 % than control and mild groups respectively. No significant correlation between FGF 21 and each of TG, LDL/C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mild group. There was a significant positive correlation between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), TG, HDL/C, systolic blood pressure in severe group, and negative correlation with LDL/C.<br /> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Maternal FGF-21 serum concentration significantly increased in severe pre-eclampsia than mild and normal pregnancy.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701ROLE OF ALPHA LIPOIC ACID AND COCOA IN PREVENTION OF METABOLIC CHANGES INDUCED BY FRUCTOSE IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS6997225732310.12816/0040357ENSamihaD. BadrPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptMonaG. E. Al-AnanyPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptNihalA. M. MohammadPhysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20191106<strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is one of the most critical threat to health and well-being. It contributes to elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus .
<strong>Objective:</strong> Investigation of the possible role of some natural antioxidants alpha lipoic acid [α-LA] and cocoa in prevention of metabolic changes induced by fructose rich water in adult male albino rats.
<strong>Materials and methods:</strong> The current study has been carried on 50 adult male albino rats of average weights 130-160 g. They were divided into five equal groups: Group I (Control group), Group II (10 % fructose rich water "FRW"- fed group), Group III (FRW-fed group received 35 mg/kg α-LA) three times / week, Group IV (FRW-fed group received 1 g/Kg cocoa 5 times / week), and Group V (FRW-fed group received both α-LA and cocoa). All rats were subjected to measurement of body weight (B.W) weekly, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), estimation of triglycerides “TAG”, total cholesterol “TC”, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol “LDL-c”, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol “HDL-c”, malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma level of catalase (CAT) activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) was dissected and weighed. Liver and abdominal adipose tissue were histopathologically examined.
<strong>Results:</strong> FRW-fed rats showed significant increase in BW, AAT weight, TC, LDL-c, TAG, MDA, OGTT at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min., PAI-1 and number of vacuolated hepatocytes, significant decrease in CAT activity and adipocytes number, and insignificant decrease in HDL-c.FRW fed rat receiving α-LA showed significant increase in BW, AAT weight and number of vacuolated hepatocytes, insignificant increase in lipid profile, CAT activity, MDA, PAI-1 and OGTT at 30 and 60 min., significant decrease in OGTT at 0 level and adipocytes number, and insignificant decrease in OGTT at 120 min. FRW fed rat received cocoa powder (group IV) showed significant increase in CAT activity, MDA and number of vacuolated hepatocytes, insignificant increase in BW, AAT weight, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c PAI-1, OGTT at 30 and 60 min. and adipocytes number, significant decrease in OGTT at 0 and 120 min., and insignificant decrease in TAG.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Alpha lipoic acid and/or cocoa administration ameliorated the metabolic and oxidative stress changes. Co-administration of α-LA and cocoa produced non-significant effect over individual administration except in reducing serum LDL-c and increasing plasma CAT activity. Cocoa alone tended to be more effective in reducing body weight, AAT weight, adipocyte size, improving CAT and glucose tolerance than α-LA alone, while α-LA alone tended to reduce MDA to level insignificantly changed from control.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701EFFECT OF LEPIDIUM SATIVUM ON BLOOD LEVELS OF APELIN AND SOME METABOLIC AND OXIDATIVE PARAMETERS IN OBESE MALE RATS7237385732510.12816/0040358ENBushraH. El-ZawahryDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar UniversityMohammadM. El-ShawwaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar UniversityShimaaF. HikalDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20170701<strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is a major health problem worldwide characterized by excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Apelin is a biologically active peptide identified as one of the adipokines. Insulin is considered one of the main regulators of apelin production. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between body antioxidant capacity and toxic oxidant products. Lepidium sativum (LS) is an annual herb with antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.
<strong>Objective:</strong>To study the effect of LS on blood apelin levels and some metabolic and oxidative parameters in 2 strains of albino rats fed on high fat diet (HFD).
<strong>Material and Methods</strong>: Sixty adult male albino rats, 30 Wistar rats and 30 Sprague Dawely (SD) rats, divided into six equal groups . Group I (Wistar control), group II (Wistar rats fed on HFD), group III (Wistar rats fed on HFD and LS), group IV (SD control rats), group V (SD rats fed on HFD) and group VI (SD rats fed on HFD and LS). The body weights were measured and recorded weekly. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for estimation of the serum levels of apelin, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, lipid profile, reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The adipose tissue was dissected for estimation of the adiposity index.
<strong>Results: </strong>HFD fed rats showed increase in the body wights and adiposity index in both strains when each was compared to their corresponding control group. Feeding by LS seeds powder showed: A- In Wistar rats: Significant increase in their body weight gain, adiposity index, serum level of GSH and HDL-C. On the other hand, there was significant decrease in serum levels of apelin, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and MDA when compared to HFD wistar rats.
B- In SD rats: There were insignificant changes in their weight gain and adiposity index. In addition significant decrease was observed in serum levels of apelin, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, TC, TG, LDL- C, VLDL and MDA. Also, there were significant increases in serum levels of GSH and HDL-C when compared to the HFD SD rats.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> LS could ameliorate the metabolic and oxidative disturbances induced by HFD in both strains. Apelin and VLDL levels returned almost back to normal after addition of LS seeds powder to HFD fed SD rats. LS in the studied dose increase the body weight significantly in Wistar rats. However, it decreased VLDL and triglycerides close to their control levels.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320170701EFFECT OF OMEGA 3 AND REGULAR EXERCISE ON THE MUSCLE PERFORMANCE: SPECIAL PREVALENCE OF HISTAMINE AND NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION7397485732710.12816/0040359ENAhmedMostafa MahmoudDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptJournal Article20170701<strong>Background:</strong> Skeletal muscle fatigue due to unaccustomed hard and/or prolonged physical exercise may be caused by increase of lactic acid, inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. Stimulation of H<sub>1</sub> receptors by histamine and the ensuing production of nitric oxide trigger the vasodilating effect of histamine on arterioles in exercise to supply O<sub>2</sub> and nutrients and removal of CO<sub>2</sub> and waste products. <strong>Objective: </strong>Investigating the effect of omega 3 alone or with regular exercise on improving muscle performance and delaying muscle fatigue. <strong>Subjects and </strong><strong>methods:</strong> Forty apparently healthy subjects were studied. Depending on their previous physical conditioning status, subjects were divided into four equal groups: Two sedentary groups (group 1a without omega 3 therapy, and group 1b with omega 3), and two athletes groups (group 2a without omega 3 therapy, and group 2b with omega 3). Exercise tolerance was evaluated for each subject by using a free swimming competition (100 meters). Pulmonary ventilation, vital capacity, respiratory rate and heart rate were estimated before and after competition<strong>. </strong>Total antioxidant, lipid peroxides, total nitrate and nitrites, lactic acid and histamine levels were determined <strong>Results: </strong>Omega-treated and/or regular exercise volunteers showed significantly increase of pulmonary ventilation, vital capacity, total antioxidant, nitric oxide (NO) and histamine levels, and significantly decrease of qualifying time competition, respiratory, resting and maximal heart rates, plasma lipid peroxides, and lactic acid compared with corresponding values of volunteers without Omega 3 or regular exercise. The combination of omega 3 plus regular exercise was more effective than each one alone.<strong> Conclusions:</strong> The results obtained in the present study provided an evidence that daily administration of omega 3 and/or regular exercise improved muscle performance and delayed fatigue through release of histamine and NO during exercise.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040046320191106THE EFFECT OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L. EXTRACT ON HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS7497645732910.12816/0040360ENIbrahimM. ShatlaDepartments of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar UniversityAmerM. Abdel-HamidDepartments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar UniversityMahmoudMetwallyDepartments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20170701<strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is one of the most serious global health problems of the 21<sup>st</sup> century and it is considered as a principal risk factor in the initiation of various non-communicable chronic diseases such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. <strong>Objective:</strong> The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of Rosmarinus Officinalis L. extract (RE) on serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG, glucose and insulin, as well as enzymatic activity of serum GPx, SOD and catalase, body weight, adiposity index and insulin resistance in high fat diet (HFD) fed rats. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Forty adult male albino rats of local strain were randomized into four equal groups. The first group was fed on basal diet and received 0.2 ml distilled water daily by oral intubations and kept as control group. The second group was fed on basal diet and received RE (100 mg/kg body weight daily by oral intubations). The third group was fed on high fat diet and received 0.2 ml distilled water by oral intubations, and the fourth group was fed on high fat diet with RE (100 mg/kg body weight daily by oral intubations). <strong>Results</strong>: Rats fed HFD showed significant increase in body weight, body weight gain, adiposity index, serum cholesterol, LDL, TG, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, and significant decrease in serum HDL and GPx, SOD and catalase in comparison to control group. Rats fed HFD with RE showed significant decrease in body weight, body weight gain, adiposity index, serum cholesterol, LDL, TG, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, and significant increase in serum HDL, GPx, SOD and catalase in comparison to HFD group and showed significant increase in body weight, body weight gain, adiposity index, serum cholesterol, LDL, TG in comparison to control group. Rats fed basal diet with RE showed insignificant changes in comparison to control group. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of RE showed increased oxidative activities of serum SOD, GPx and catalase enzymes as well as improvement of lipid profile and decreased glucose, insulin, body weight, adiposity index, and insulin resistance in HFD fed rats.