Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040048220190401SCREENING FOR ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERURIA IN CHILDREN WITH OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY1251345074610.21608/amj.2019.50746ENMoftahMohamed RabeeaDepartments of Pediatrics, Al- Azhar Faculty of MedicineHusseinAbdallah GalalDepartments of Urosurgery, Al- Azhar Faculty of MedicineMohammadEssayed Abo- GhabshaDepartments of Clinical Pathology, Al- Azhar Faculty of MedicineMohamedAhmed Mohamed OmarDepartments of Clinical Pathology, Al- Azhar Faculty of MedicineJournal Article20190401<strong>Background:</strong> Obstructive uropathy is an important cause of chronic renal failure in children. Obstruction of the urinary tract blocks adequate urine flow. It causes urine stasis, and predisposes the child to asymptomatic bacteruria (ABU) that needed to be followed up to early detect symptomatic UTI.<br /> <strong>Objective: </strong>Screening of ABU in children who were suffering from obstructive uropathy to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, early detection and treatment of children who developed symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI), and relation between type of obstructive uropathy and body growth.<br /> <strong>Patients and methods:</strong> Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 50 children with different types of obstructive uropathy. They were selected according to certain inclusion and exclusion criteria from Pediatric Nephrology and Urology outpatient clinics at Al- Hussein University Hospital. Their ages ranged from 2.2 to 11 years. They were subjected to full medical history, complete clinical examination, and routine investigations including renal function tests, urine analysis, urine culture, and imaging studies (included pelvi-abdominal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance urography, renal scan and voiding cystourethrogram).<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Obstructive uropathy was more common in males (62%) than females (38%), while ABU was common in females. The growth of our patients was not affected by different types of obstructive uropathy. 68% of patients had no bacterial growth, while 32% had bacterial growth in urine culture. The commonest organism was E coli (56.25%). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was not significantly affected by different types of obstructive uropathy.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Obstructive uropathy can predispose to colonization of bacteria in urinary tract and development of asymptomatic bacteruria especially in females that needs to be followed up. Follow up is needed to early detect symptomatic UTI.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040048220190401EFFECT OF UNCOMPLICATED PHACOEMULSIFICATION ON INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE1351445075010.21608/amj.2019.50750ENEl SayedMostafa ElewaOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityHassanMetwally BayoumyOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityAtefSamir Hamed SherifOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20190401<strong>Background:</strong> Cataract and glaucoma are the first and second leading causes of blindness worldwide. Although usually not severe enough to cause blindness, it is not surprising that these two diseases occur simultaneously in many patients. Many studies have demonstrated intraocular pressure reduction after cataract surgery. However, most recent data indicates that intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after cataract surgery is more significant and sustained than previously thought.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of the work is to study and measure the effect of uncomplicated phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure using air puff machine and applanation tonometer at Alazhar University Hospitals.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This was a prospective randomized study carried out on 40 eyes who underwent measuring IOP by air puff and applanation tonometer before phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, and one day, one month, three months post-operatively at Al Azhar university hospitals. An informed and written consent was taken from all the patients included in this study.
<strong>Results:</strong> Our study was carried out on 40 eyes who underwent measuring IOP by air puff and applanation tonometer one-day pre phaco, then underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation of the same IOL type, and then measuring of IOP 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months post-operatively. A decrease in IOP after cataract surgery has been reported. Long term studies have shown a drop in IOP of about 4 mm Hg in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and non-glaucomatous patients.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Cataract surgery without complication can widen the anterior chamber and lower the intraocular pressure, and can improve the visual acuity with short period of follow up, not like the traditional glaucoma surgery which needs long follow up and special care more than phacoemulsification.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040048220190401EFFECTS OF CELL PHONE-EMITTED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THE COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN YOUNG RATS: POSSIBLE ROLE OF ALPHA LIPOIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION1451645075210.21608/amj.2019.50752ENSamarM. M. Abd El RahmanDepartments of Medical Physiology,BataaM.A. El- KafouryDepartments of Medical Physiology,EnasA. Abdel-HadyDepartments of Medical Physiology,NohaN. LasheenDepartments of Medical Physiology,WesamEl BaklyDepartments of Medical Pharmacology,WaelM. ElayatDepartments of Medical Biochemistry,Journal Article20190401<strong>Background:</strong> The possibility of exposure to a considerable amount of electromagnetic waves exists all around us. The hippocampus is involved in spatial memory and learning processes which could be compromised by exposure to cell phone emitted radiofrequency (RF)-electromagnetic field (EMF).
<strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the effect of exposure to EMF on hippocampal function and to throw more attention on the mechanisms of interaction in the form of hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh), glutamate, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hippocampal cellular responses mediated by autophagy (Atg7 gene expression) and mitochondrial repair mechanism (SIRT1)
<strong>Subjects and Methods:</strong> This study was performed on 39 young apparently healthy male Wistar albino rats, initially weighing 70-90 grams. They were randomly divided into three equal groups: control group (group I), cell phone-EMF exposed group (group II), which was exposed to cell phone, 2 hours/day, 6 days/week for 12 weeks, and alpha lipoic acid-treated cell phone-exposed group (group III) which was exposed to EMF as group 2 and received i.p injection of alpha lipoic acid in a dose of 50 mg/kg for the last 3 weeks of cell phone exposure. Twelve weeks later, all rats were subjected to cognitive function test for learning and spatial memory using Morris water maze. Body weight changes and liver function tests (ALT and AST) were evaluated, then hippocampal levels of glutamate, ACh, MDA, gene expression of Atg7 and SIRT1 were measured.
<strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control rats, cell phone exposure in group II did not alter the cognitive function test and the hippocampal glutamate level, but it caused significant rise in hippocampal MDA and acetylcholine levels, though there was a higher non- significant increased expression of SIRT1 and Atg7. Lipoic acid treatment concomitant with EMF exposure induced increase in the time spent in target quadrant with shortened time to reach the platform on fifth day of training compared to the controls. Also, lipoic acid-treated cell phone exposed rats exhibited significantly enhanced hippocampal glutamate level accompanied by significantly reduced hippocampal MDA and acetylcholine levels compared to control rats and preserved higher but non-significant levels of SIRT1 and Atg7 expression.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Increased hippocampal ACh and expression of SIRT1 and Atg7 could be the early protective response against the higher MDA with exposure, thereby preventing the negative impact of EMF exposure on learning and spatial memory. Lipoic acid treatment improved cognition by increasing glutamate necessary for long term potentiation and decreasing hippocampal MDA.Al-Azhar Scientific Medical SocietyAl-Azhar Medical Journal1110-040048220190401PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN AL-HARAM ZONE, GIZA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT1651765075310.21608/amj.2019.50753ENMohamedI. ArefClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for boys, Al-Azhar UniversityHamedO. KhalifaCommunity Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, AssiutJournal Article20190401<strong>Background:</strong> Anemia in school-age children is an important public health problem, and available data of its prevalence and existing risk factors are essential for planning preventive strategies. Anemia is more prevalent among females as compared with males. It reduces physical work capacity and cognitive function and adversely affects learning and scholastic performance.
<strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence of anemia among male and female school-age children (6-18 years) in Al-Haram, Giza governorate, Egypt, and to identify factors associated with childhood anemia among the participants.
<strong>Subjects and methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted on 235 school-age children 6-18 years old (116 males and 119 females) in Al-Haram district, Giza governorate, Egypt. An oral consent was obtained from participants and their relatives. A blood sample was taken from each participant with the aim of providing the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among the study population.
<strong>Results:</strong> The study revealed that the overall prevalence of anemia was 38.7%. Among males were 23.3%, while 53.8% among females with a statistically significant difference. Regarding family size prevalence of anemia among families (less than five) were 27.1%, while 74.1% in families more than five persons with a statistically significant difference.
The current study revealed that anemia was 64%, 54.5% and 10.1% among children born to illiterate, moderate and high educated fathers respectively. Anemia was 56.4% and 17.4% among children borne to illiterate and moderate educated mothers with a statistically significant difference. Results of the study revealed that anemia was 61.8%, 48.5%, 5.6% and 26.7% among children who born to farmers, merchant, governmental employee and private employee respectively. Regarding mothers job, 41.4%, 33.3% and 20% of children were anemic who born to house wife, merchant and private employee mothers respectively with statistically significant differences. The study revealed that anemia was 66.2% among children who ate meat once weekly, while 38.7% among children who ate meat twice weekly, with statistically significant differences. Anemia was 55% among children who ate vegetables once weekly, 28.8% among who ate vegetables twice, and 15.9% among who ate vegetables three times and more weekly. The current study revealed that anemia was 44.1% among who ate fruits once weekly, 13% among who ate twice weekly, and 11.8% among who ate three times and more weekly.
<strong>Recommendations:</strong>
- School teachers should give advice to both children and their parents
regarding advantages of balanced diet.
- Improvement of dietary habits regarding consumption of animal proteins,
fruits and green leafy vegetables should be included in diet plan.
- Health education seminars should be conducted at regular intervals.
- Addition of a health education courses to student's curricula.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results suggested that there was a need for proper planning and implementation of preventive measures to combat childhood anemia.