Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
1110-0400
47
4
2018
10
01
EFFECTS OF SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE (OCTREOTIDE) ON ISCHEMIA–REPERFUSION INJURY IN ADULT HYPERTHYROID ALBINO RATS
669
688
EN
Wessam
Ezzat Morsy
Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
doctorapioneera@yahoo.com
10.21608/0053053
<strong>Background: </strong>Thyroid dysfunction is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hyperthyroidism increases the susceptibility of the heart to ischemia reperfusion injury. Moreover, myocardial ischemia can be further worsened by increased cardiac workload and oxygen demand elicited by the excess thyroid hormones.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> Investigating the cardiac dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rats exposed to excess thyroid hormones and role of somatostatin analogue against ischemia/reperfusion injury in hyperthyroid rats.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This study was performed on 24 adult male albino rats of a local strain weighing 140-200 g, allocated into three equal groups: <strong>Group I</strong> <em>(Control IR group)</em>: Euthyroid control group exposed to ischemia-reperfusion. Hearts of this group were isolated and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus. Isolated hearts were subjected to 15 min of stabilization, 20 min of zero-flow global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. <strong>Group II </strong><em>(Hyperthyroid IR group)</em> were subjected to the same protocol of ischemia reperfusion. <strong>Group III</strong><em> (Hyperthyroid IR-OCT group)</em>: Hyperthyroid rats were supplemented with the somatostatin analogue, octreotide (OCT), 35 µg/kg subcutaneously, 20 minutes before sacrifice, followed by in-vitro study of cardiac responses to ischemia reperfusion. Blood samples were collected for measurement of plasma free T3, T4 and TSH. Coronary efflux lactate dehydrogenase levels were measured. Also, cardiac tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were estimated.
<strong>Results:</strong> Hyperthyroid (IR) rats revealed significant elevation in plasma free T3 and T4 with concomitant decrease in TSH levels. A significant reduction in final BW and BW gain were observed with higher absolute weights of left ventricle (LV) and cardiac index compared to the euthyroid controls. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly elevated in non-treated hyperthyroid rats with a significant increase in their baseline chronotropic and inotropic activity compared to euthyroid control rats. But after ischemia those rats exhibited significantly higher degree of bradycardia (∆HR) and % change in heart rate (HR) compared to control rats. Moreover, significantly deteriorated post-ischemic recovery of inotropic parameters and significantly higher ∆ changes of these parameters were observed compared to euthyroid controls. These changes were accompanied by significant elevation in coronary efflux LDH levels and both cardiac tissue MDA and TNFα. Meanwhile, octreotide administration to hyperthyroid rats showed improvement of their baseline chronotropic and inotropic parameters as evidenced by the significantly reduced degree of bradycardia as well as significantly lower ∆ change of PT and PT/LV parameters compared to non-treated hyperthyroid rats. Such findings could be ascribed partly to the reduction of oxidative and inflammatory responses to IR as determined by the significantly decreased cardiac tissue MDA and TNFα respectively.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Hyperthyroid hearts are less tolerant to ischemia/reperfusion injury with higher susceptibility to oxidative stress as well as overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, pharmacological targets that defend oxidative challenge and confer anti-inflammatory properties, namely octreotide (somatotstatin analogue) are considered to have potential therapeutic effect and may protect against myocardial ischemic damage in hyperthyroidism.
Ischemia reperfusion injury,hyperthyroid,Oxidative Stress,Inflammation,somatostatin,octreotide
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55658.html
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55658_3592d494f5ebcde99926063f05e0e6d5.pdf
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
1110-0400
47
4
2018
10
01
EFFECT OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL – DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES ON ACETAMINOPHEN – INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS
689
698
EN
Saad
Mohammad Mohammad
Medical Physiology Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
Osama
Mohammad Mohammad Abd El-Hay
Medical Physiology Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine.
Ibrahim
Hassan Mohammad
Biochemistry Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine.
Ahmad
Mansour Yosuf Kandil
Pathology Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine.
10.21608/0053054
<strong>Background: </strong>Novel therapies are urgently needed to address the rising incidence and prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can generate extracellular micro vesicles (EVs) with intrinsic protective or regenerative capacity.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> Studying the possible role of EVs generated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) in regeneration of kidney tissue in acetaminophen-induced renal failure (RF).
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Twenty four adult male albino rats of a local strain were chosen as an animal model for this study. They were divided into 4 equal groups: control, RF, RF received culture media, and RF received MSCs-derived EVs. Renal failure (RF) was induced by oral administration of acetaminophen. At the end of the experiment (24 days), blood samples were obtained for serum creatinine, urea, malodialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Animals were sacrificed, and kidney tissue was obtained for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical examination for BAX protein expression, in addition to BCL2 gene expression by real time (RT) PCR.
<strong>Results:</strong> There was a significant decrease in BCL2 gene expression in addition to significant increases in serum creatinine, urea, MDA and TNF-α in acetaminophen- treated group. There was an increased BAX protein expression by immunohistochemistry in acetaminophen- treated group. There were significant increase in BCL2 gene expression, and significant decreases in serum creatinine, urea, MDA and TNF-α in MSCs-derived EVs - treated group. There was a decrease in BAX protein expression by immunohistochemistry in MSCs derived EVs - treated group.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> BM MSCs-derived (EVs) have a role in regeneration of kidney tissue in acetaminophen-induced renal failure through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
BM MSCs-derived EVs,apoptosis and acetaminophen
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55662.html
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55662_db912d9dfa8b0aa74a8ca4f9da58a4bf.pdf
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
1110-0400
47
4
2018
10
01
ADENOIDECTOMY BY DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES (COMPARATIVE STUDY)
699
710
EN
Atef
Abdullah El-Maraghy
Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
Hatem
Salah El-Din El-Habashy
Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
Hazem
Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed
Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
esawi87@yahoo.com
10.21608/0053055
<strong>Background: </strong>Adenoidectomy is one of the most common pediatric ambulatory procedure in the world, multiple techniques are present for adenoidectomy with relative advantages and dis advantages of each technique.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> Providing a comparative study of adenoidectomy by electrocautary with suction diathermy, conventional and microdebrider techniques.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Randomized prospective study included 60 child patients with age ranged from (3-12y) of both genders (28 males and 32 females), all suffering from hypertrophied adenoid tissue, presented clinically with mouth breathing, snoring, partial nasal obstruction and/or discharge and evidenced radiologically with plain X-ray film lateral view to the nasopharynx. All cases presented to Al-Azhar University Hospitals (Al-Hussin & Sayed galal) during the period from July 2018 to December 2018.
<strong>Results:</strong> The mean blood loss in suction diathermy technique was (5.56ml) while in conventional and microdebrider techniques were 43.45ml and 31.90ml respectively and this found to be of highly statistical significance. Also in complete of removal of adenoid tissue there were significant statistical difference between conventional and microdebrider (p-value:0.02) also between conventional technique and suction diathermy technique (p-value < 0.03) but as regard operative time there was highly significant statistical difference between conventional and microdebrider (p-value < 0.001).
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The suction diathermy adenoidectomy is the technique of choice in lowering intraoperative blood loss compared to other tow techniques, also sharing microdebrider technique in visibility of the surgical field and completeness of resection, when the cost and availability are affordable it will be the gold standard technique for adenoidectomy, the conventional technique have a disadvantages of bleeding, traumatic and incomplete of resection but still cheapest, simplest and most available one.
Adenoidectomy,Myringotomy,Adenotonsillectomy
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55666.html
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55666_31b1bddde2013bc61481211dcd7563b1.pdf
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
1110-0400
47
4
2018
10
01
BISOPROLOL VERSUS ENALAPRIL ON HEMODYNAMICS UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA
711
726
EN
Tawfik
M. Noor El-Din
Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo
Saad
Aldin M. Alkhateeb
Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo
Abdallah
M. Ahmed
Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo
Yosry
M. Abdel Salam
Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta
Ayman
H. Mahmoud
Departments of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta
draymanalsettieny@gmail.com
10.21608/0053056
<strong>Background: </strong>Systemic arterial hypertension is a common disease in patients undergoing surgery. Bisoprolol and Enalapril are anti-hypertensive drugs that affect the perioperative hemodynamics (blood pressure and pulse rate) in different manners.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of general anesthesia on the hemodynamics of hypertensive patients undergoing elective surgery and controlled on Enalapril versus Bisoprolol as a primary outcome, and criteria of discharge from recovery room, postoperative pain assessment, and adverse effects as a secondary outcome.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> In this comparative clinical randomized study, thirty hypertensive patients of both sexes, aged from 40 to 60 years, according to the American Society of Anesthiologists (ASA) physical status class II, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia of less than two hours duration (Abdominal and upper limb surgery), and controlled on antihypertensive medication regularly administered for at least six months duration (Enalapril versus Bisoprolol) were enrolled in the study. The study started from January, 2016 to February, 2018. Patients were randomly allocated into equal two groups, <strong>group (A)</strong> hypertensive patients controlled on Enalapril 10 mg and <strong>group (B)</strong> hypertensive patients controlled on Bisoprolol 5 mg. To evaluate intraoperative arterial blood pressure:( systolic arterial blood pressure, diastolic arterial blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure) and Heart rate as follow: preoperative basal arterial blood pressure and pulse rate reading (0), immediately after induction, (1), every 5 minutes for 20 minutes and every 15 minutes till the end of the operation.
<strong>Results:</strong> Hypertensive patients controlled on Enalapril (group E) had more statistically significant decrease in blood pressure (systolic-diastolic-mean) after induction of general anesthesia and more hypotensive episodes in the first 30 minutes after induction than patients treated with Bisoprolol 5 mg (group B) while, group A had more increase in blood pressure post-intubation, post-extubation and on exposure to noxious stimuli.
When comparing heart rate changes between both studied groups the results showed that hypertensive patients controlled on Bisoprolol (group B) had more statistically significant heart rate control (decrease) all over the operation especially at periods of intraoperative stress as post-intubation, 1st 30 minutes of operation and post extubation than hypertensive patients controlled on Enalapril (group A).
The remaining intraoperative periods of the operation are nearly comparable between both studied groups (A and B) as regard blood pressure and heart rate.
Patients of both groups (A and B) had no statistically significant difference as regard criteria of discharge from recovery room, postoperative pain assessment and adverse effects.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Bisoprolol as a beta blocking antihypertensive drug was associated with effective control of pulse rate and blood pressure and attenuation of pressor response to all stressful events all over the operation especially after laryngoscopy, intubation, extubation and the first 30 minutes of operation ensuring more hemodynamic stability under general anesthesia when compared to hypertensive patients controlled on Enalapril.
<strong>Recommendation:</strong> Beta blockers (Bisoprolol) are recommended before surgery even for those who do not use them when exposed to anesthesia unless there are contraindications.
Enalapril,Bisoprolol,hemodynamics,general anesthesia
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55668.html
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55668_1cc638134e240d17e4f53a34c346dfac.pdf
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
1110-0400
47
4
2018
10
01
AEROBIC EXERCISE AND AMELIORATED ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL PREECLAMPSIA IN RAT MODEL p
727
746
EN
Manal
S. Abd-El Hamid
Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
10.21608/0053057
<strong>Background: </strong>Preeclampsia is a life threatening state. Aerobic exercise has a beneficial effect on vascular endothelium function. Adropin is a newly discovered peptide that can increase by exercise and decreased in endothelial dysfunction.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> Detecting the effect of practicing exercise on preeclampsia pathophysiology, and role of adropin.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> Twenty four adult female albino wistar rats were divided into 3 equal groups: group I: Sham-operated Time-mated pregnant rats (Sham), group II: Reduced uterine perfusion pressure pregnant rats (RUPP); placental ischemia was induced at gestation day (GD) 14 to mimic preeclampsia, and group III: exercise treated reduced uterine perfusion pressure pregnant rats (Ex-RUPP); swimming started from GD1 till the end of pregnancy period, 1h/day, 6 days/week added to preeclampsia induction. Maternal arterial blood pressure, micro-albuminuria, serum urea, creatinine and calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), plasma insulin, glucose and calculated HOMA-IR and placental eNOS, adropin, soluble fms–like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and TNF-α were measured. Placental and fetal tissues were weighed and placenta was histo-pathologically assessed.
<strong>Results:</strong> Aerobic exercise during pregnancy caused significant reductions in all blood pressure values at GD17 and 19, serum urea, creatinine, micro-albuminuria, placental anti-angiogenic sflt-1, MDA, TNF-α, plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. In addition, exercise significantly increased the calculated creatinine clearance, placental eNOS and placental adropin, placental weight, fetal weight and number. Apoptotic trophoblasts and neutrophil aggregates were absent. Adropin was significantly positive correlated with eNOS together with a significant negative correlation to mean arterial blood pressure at GD19, sflt-1, MDA, insulin and HOMA-IR.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Aerobic exercise, through increasing adropin level, was able to restore the angiogenic balance, and to decrease the oxidative stress, and inflammatory and insulin resistance states, thus improving endothelial function. This was reflected in improvement in the renal functions, blood pressure reduction with better maternal and fetal outcome.
Reduced uterine perfusion pressure- pre-eclampsia-Aerobic exercise- Adropin- angiogenesis- eNOS
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55670.html
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55670_4fc93063b90af8104e18a29fa0100587.pdf
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
1110-0400
47
4
2018
10
01
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ROLES OF RESVERATROL IN ARTHRITIC RATS
747
758
EN
Zakaria
A. Teleb
Molecular Drug Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control & Research "NODCAR", Giza, Egypt
Doaa
M. Abd-Ellatif
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Inas
M Mahmoud
Molecular Drug Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control & Research "NODCAR", Giza, Egypt
10.21608/0053058
<strong>Background: </strong>Resveratrol, an antioxidant compound, known to be used for the attenuation of the pro-oxidant effects of toxicants.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant impact of resveratrol in treatment of arthritis in rats.
<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Rats were assigned into five groups: negative control, positive control (arthritis was induced by freund’s complete adjuvant), arthritic rats received celecoxib (30mg/kg, p.o), arthritic rats received resveratrol (50mg/kg, p.o.), and arthritic rats received combination of both drugs (10 rats/ each group).
<strong>Results:</strong> Arthritis significantly elevated cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, lysosomal enzymes, some biochemical liver parameters, and decreased caspase 3activity in serum and significantly increased myeloperoxidase, malondialdhyde and nitric oxide levels: reduced glutathione contents in paw tissues and albumin level in blood serum. The treatment combination of resveratrol with celecoxib induced an additive anti-inflammatory, biochemical and antioxidant effects.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Resveratrol potentiates the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of celecoxib in adjuvant induced arthritis.
Resveratrol,Celecoxib,Arthritis,Freund’s complete adjuvant
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55677.html
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55677_b6a8cc86632c6a216946052ed01b768f.pdf
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
1110-0400
47
4
2018
10
01
EFFECT OF FENOFIBRATE ADMINISTRATION AND ITS WITHDRAWAL ON THE KIDNEYS OF ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS (HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES)
759
780
EN
Amany
M. Abo-Ouf
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University
m_aouf2000@yahoo.com
Mona
A. A. Arafa
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University
mona.23875@gmail.com
10.21608/0053059
<strong>Background:</strong> Fenofibrate is among the drugs of choice for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, both recognized as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. <br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> Demonstrating the effect of fenofibrate administration and its withdrawal on the histological structure and function of the kidney in adult male albino rats.<br /> <strong>Material and methods:</strong> Forty adult male albino rats were used in this work. They were divided equally into four groups; I-First control group (Group A), II- Second control group (Group B), III- Treated group (Group C) and IV- Recovery group (Group D). Each adult male albino rat of groups A and C was given 0.96ml of distilled water and 0.96ml of distilled water (Contained 3.6 mg fenofibrate) respectively for six weeks. Each adult male albino rat of groups B and D was given 0.48ml of distilled water and 0.96ml of distilled water (Contained 3.6 mg fenofibrate) respectively for six weeks, then, left for two weeks without treatment. The treatments were given once/day orally. The specimens were collected at two time intervals; at the end of the 6th week for groups A &C and at the end of the 8th week for groups B & D. The blood samples were collected for measuring urea, creatinine, MDA and SOD. The kidneys were used for light & electron microscopic examinations, and morphometric study. <br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Light and electron microscopic examination and morphometric studies demonstrated that fenofibrate induced various signs of degeneration, necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Biochemical study revealed that fenofibrate induced deterioration in the kidney functions which were reflected by significant increase in the serum levels of urea and creatinine. It also revealed significant increase in the oxidant parameters (MDA), and significant decrease in the antioxidant parameters (SOD). On fenofibrate withdrawal, most of the histological and all the biochemical effects were recovered.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Fenofibrate induced various deleterious changes in the histological structure and function of the kidney by inducing oxidative stress. These changes and oxidative stress were reversible on fenofibrate withdrawal.
Animals,rat,fenofibrate,kidney,creatinine,oxidant,antioxidant
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55678.html
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55678_d4aaff8eb498c64d9d5b5c6f7b86a70d.pdf
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
1110-0400
47
4
2018
10
01
EFFECT OF OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATE (TAMIFLU H) ON THE PRE AND POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALBINO RAT CEREBELLAR CORTEX (Histological and Morphometric studies)
781
809
EN
Amany
F. Mohamed
Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
fekryamany@yahoo.com
10.21608/0053060
<strong>Background:</strong> Oseltamivir phosphate (OP) is preferred treatment for influenza with activity against influenza A and B. It is commonly recommended for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis in pregnancy and lactation<strong>.</strong> Serious neuropsychiatric adverse reactions were observed in patient treated with OP.
<strong>Objective:</strong> This study aims to evaluate the effects of OP on prenatal and post-natal development of the albino rat cerebellar cortex.
<strong>Material and methods:</strong> This study was carried out on 40 pregnant albino rats and 120 of their offspring of both sex, 3 from each mother. The pregnant rats were divided equally into 2 main groups A and B. Group A (control): it was subdivided equally into 2 subgroups A1 and A2. Group B (OP treated): it was subdivided equally into 2 subgroups B1 and B2. In group A, each rat mother was given 0.9 ml distilled water twice daily by oral gavage for successive 5 days. In group B, each rat mother was given 0.9 ml distilled water containing 1.35 mg OP twice daily by oral gavage for successive 5 days. Dosing started from the 15<sup>th</sup> to 19<sup> th</sup> of pregnancy in subgroups A1 and B1 while it started from the 1<sup>st</sup> to 5<sup>th</sup> day after delivery in subgroups A2 and B2. Cerebelli were collected, on the 1<sup>st</sup> day of birth in subgroups A1 and B1, on the 7<sup> th</sup> day of birth in subgroups A2 and B2, and on the 14<sup> th</sup> day of birth in subgroups A1, A2, B1 and B2. The cerebelli of all subgroups were subjected to light microscopic study and the cerebelli of 14 days old offspring were subjected also, to transmission electron microscopic and morphometric studies and statistical analysis.
<strong>Results:</strong> OP induced delayed development and neurotoxic effects on the cerebellar cortex of albino rat offspring whose mother dosed OP during pregnancy or during lactation.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Oseltamivir phosphate induced pre and post-natal delayed development and neurotoxic insults on the cerebellar cortex of albino rat.
influenza,oseltamivir phosphate,rat,Pregnancy,lactation,Cerebellum
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55700.html
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55700_aa01604bd0a4f3269f2eea0b088979d7.pdf