ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EVALUATION OF TISSUE RESPONSE OF ADULT MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS TO AN EXPERIMENTAL CALCIUM SILICATE BASED CEMENT VERSUS ANGELUS WHITE MTA AND SINAI WHITE PORTLAND CEMENT
Background: Calcium silicate cements are biocompatible materials, and can help in repair of osseous defects. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the tissue response to an experimental material (laboratory prepared) versus white MTA and white Portland cement implanted in a rat model. Materials and methods: The experimental highly purified calcium silicate based material was synthesized denovo in the lab from pure oxides, then tissue response was evaluated on adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Critical size bone defect was done at the middle third of the lateral surface of the right tibia in 75 rats. The bony defect was either left untreated to heal spontaneously in animals of the control group (15 rats) or filled with four different materials (15 rats each). At the end of the experimental periods for each subgroup tibia were dissected for histological analysis and evaluation of inflammatory reaction and newly formed bone. Data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: Within the limitations of this study, it was found that there was a decrease in inflammatory cell count as the wound healing process moves towards formation of granulation tissue and fibrous encapsulation of the different implanted materials, as well as deposition of newly formed bone throughout the experimental periods. Conclusion: The synthetic materials (laboratory manufactured) seemed to have comparable biological properties to those of commercially available bioactive materials. These experimental materials have an intense tissue inductive capacity, and also the incorporation of nanotechnology in the experimental material showed an intense biological effect in tissue regeneration.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52210_6b36c638234db442ee8051507f4906e7.pdf
2018-01-01
1
18
10.21608/0047693
Amira
Mohammad Samy Mostafa
1
Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry Sinai University
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ali Elyasaky
2
Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine-(Girls’ branch) and Dean of Faculty of Dentistry Sinai University.
AUTHOR
Maha
Ahmad Niazy
3
Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine-(Girls’ branch).
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Yousry Hassaan
4
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Bernabe P, Cintra L, Gomes-Filho J, Jr E (2012): Bone healing in critical size defects treated with either bone graft, membrane, or a combination of both materials: a histological and histometric study in rat tibiae. Clin Oral Impl Res., 23:384-8.
2
2. Bosso-Martelo R, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Viapiana R, Berbert FL, Bernardi MI and Tanomaru-Filho M (2015): Calcium silicate-based cements associated with micro- and nanoparticle radiopacifiers: physicochemical properties and bioactivity. International scholarly research notices, 1-7.
3
3. Camilleri J, Sorrentino F and Damidot (2013): Investigation of the hydration and bioactivity of radiopacified tricalcium silicate cement, Biodentine and MTA Angelus. Dent Mater., 29: 580-93.
4
4. Dincol M, Ozbas H, Yilmaz B, Ersev H, Gokyay S and Olgac V (2016): Effect of the plant-based hemostatic agent Ankaferd blood stopper on the biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate. BMC Oral Health,16: 111-20.
5
5. Dreger LA, Felippe WT, Reyes-Carmona JF, Felippe GS, Bortoluzzi EA and Felippe CS (2012): Mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement promote biomineralization in vivo. JOE, 38(3):324-9.
6
6. Gandolfi MG, Taddei P, Siboni F, Modena E, Stefano ED, Prati C (2011): Biomimetic remineralization of human dentin using promising innovative calcium-silicate hybrid “smart” materials. Dent Mater., 27: 1055-1069.
7
7. Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Vazquez-Garcia A, Bosso-Martelo R, Bernardi MI, Faria G and Tanomaru-Filho (2016): Effect of addition of nano-hydroxyapatite on physico-chemical and antibiofilm properties of calcium silicate cements. J Appl Oral Sci; 24(3):204-10.
8
8. Hosseinzade M, Soflou RK, Valian A and Nojehdehian H (2016): Physicochemical properties of MTA, CEM, hydroxyapatite and nano-hydroxyapatite- chitosan cements. BioMed Resear- India, 27(2): 442-8.
9
9. Hwang Y, Hwang I, Kim M and Son H (2009): chemical composition, radiopacity, and biocompatibility of Portland cement with bismuth oxide. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Radiol Endod.,107: 96-102.
10
10. Jefferies S (2014): Bioactive and biomimetic restorative materials: a comprehensive review part I. J Esthet Restor Dent., 26(1):14-26.
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11. Malkondu O, Kazandag MK and Kazazoglu E (2014): A review on biodentin, a contemporary dentin replacement and repair material. BioMed Resear Inter., 1-8.
12
12. Minotti PG, Ordinola-Zapata R, Midena RZ, Marciano MA, Cavenago BC, Bramante CM, Garcia RB, Duarte MA and Moraes IV (2015): Rat subcutaneous tissue response to calcium silicate containing different arsenic concentrations. J Appl Oral Sci., 23(1): 42-8.
13
13. No Y, Li J and Zreiqat H (2017): Doped calcium silicate ceramics: a new class of candidates for synthetic bone substitutes. Mater, 10:153-90.
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14. Nygern H, Chaudhry M, Gustafsson S, Kjeller G, Malmherg P and Johansson K (2014): Increase of compact bone thickness in rat tibia after implanting MgO into the bone marrow cavity. J Funct Biomater.,5: 158-66.
15
15. Opacic-Galic V, Petrovic V, Jokanovic V and Zivkovic (2017): Histological evaluation of tissue reactions to newly synthetized calcium silicate and hydroxyapatite based bioactive materials: In-vivo study. Srp Arh Celok Lek., 145(7-8):370-7.
16
16. Rammelt S, Schulze E, Bernhart R, Hanisch U, Scharnweber D, Worch H, Hans Z and Biewener A (2004): Coating of the titanium implants with type I collagen. J Ortho Res.,1025-34.
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17. Saghiri M, Orangi J, Asatouran A, Gutmann J, Garcia-Godoy F, Lotfi M and Sheibani N (2017): Calcium silicate based cements and functional impacts of various constituents. Dent Mater J., 36(1): 8-18.
18
18. Saghiri M, Orangi J, Tanideh N, Asatourian A, Janghorhan K, Garcia-Godoy F and Sheibani (2015): Repair of bone defect by nano-modified white mineral trioxide aggregates in rabbit: a histopathological study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 20(5): 525-31.
19
19. Saghiri MA, Tanideh N, Garcia-Godoy F, Lotfi M, Karamifar K and Amanat D (2013): Subcutaneous connective tissue reactions to various endodontic biomaterials: An animal study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects, 7(1): 15-21.
20
20. Silva LG, Kim SH, Luczyszyn SM, Giovanini A and Almeida LE (2015): Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of biphasic calcium phosphate and a mineral trioxide aggregate for bone healing in rat clavaria. Inter J Oral Maxilofacial Surg., 44(4): 1-26.
21
21. Silva Neto DJ, Schnaider TB, Gragnani A, Paulo de Paiva A, Novo NF and Ferreira LM (2012): Portland cement with additives in the repair of furcation perforations in dogs. Acta Cir Bras., 27(11):809-14.
22
22. Sonarkar S and Purba R (2015): Bioactive materials in conservative dentistry. Int J Contemp Dent Med Rev., 1-4.
23
23. Suzuki Y, Hayashi M, Tanabe N, Yasukawa T, HiranoY, Takagi S, Chow L, Suzuki N and Ogiso B (2015): Effect of novel fluorapatite-forming calcium phosphate cement with calcium silicate on osteoblasts in comparison with mineral trioxide aggregate. J Oral Sci., 1:25-30
24
24. Tanomaru-Filho M, Gracia AC, Bosso-Martelo R, Berbert FL, Reis JM and Guerreiro-Tanmaru JM (2015): Influence of addition of calcium oxide on physicochemical properties of Portland cement with zirconium or niobium oxide. J Conserv Dent., 18(2): 105-108.
25
25. Tenorio de Franca TR, Silva RJ, Queiroz MS and Aguiar CM (2010): Arsenic content in Portland cement. A literature review. Indian J Dent. Res., 21 (4) 591-595.
26
26. Tschoppe P, Zandim DL, Martus P and Kielbassa AM (2011): Enamel and dentin remineralization by nanohydroxyapatite tooth pastes. J Dent., 39: 430-7.
27
27. Vosoughhosseini S, Mehrdad L, Moradzadeh M, Aghbali A, Rahimi S, Saghiri M, Zand V, Mehdipour M, Ranjkesh B and Doosti S (2012): Comparison of two histopathologic methods for evaluating subcutaneous reaction to mineral trioxide aggregate; Med Oral Patol Cir Bucal, 17(1): 41-4.
28
28. Yoshino P, Nishiyama CK, Modena KC, Santos CF and Sipert CR (2013): In vitro cytotoxicity of white MTA, MTA Fillapex and Portland cement on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Braz Dent J., 24 (2):111-6.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING ON LIVER ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN AGED RATS
Background: As the criteria for liver donation have been extended to include marginal donors, liver grafts are becoming particularly vulnerable to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, no specific measures have been validated to ameliorate hepatic IRI. Objective: To investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in aged rats. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed on 45 aged male Wistar rats, weighing at the start of the study between 350-550 g. Animals were randomly divided into the following equal groups: Group I (Sham-operated control group), Group II (Liver ischemia reperfusion group): Rats were subjected to 1-hour partial liver ischemia followed by 24-hour reperfusion and Group III (ischemic preconditioned group): Rats were subjected to brief period of ischemia and reperfusion, then were subjected to hepatic IR as group II. Blood samples were collected and were subjected to measurement of Liver function tests, i.e. serum ALT, AST, liver malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase. Also, histopathological study of rat livers was performed. Results: There were significant decrease in liver weight and liver weight to body weight percent in IR group compared to the sham-operated rats. Upon preconditioning before IR, the liver weights still decreased compared to the sham-operated rats. Liver weight to body weight ratio ameliorated or less decreased in the ratio compared to sham-operated, and significantly increased in the ratio compared to the IR rats. There were significant increases in serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), at two time points, especially 24 hours after reperfusion as well as significant increase in hepatic MDA level in IR rats. In addition, IR has induced marked liver damage as shown by histopathological examination. Ischemic preconditioning ameliorated liver ischemia reperfusion injury as indicated by marked reduction in the liver enzymes although their levels did not match the levels recorded in the sham-operated rats and hepatic MDA. Hepatic level of GPx showed a significant increase compared to both the sham-operated and IR rats and that was associated with significant improvement of the histopathological examination compared to IR rats. Conclusion: Ischemic preconditioning ameliorated the hepatic injury associated with ischemia reperfusion. However, future work is needed to explain the mechanism by which IPC ameliorate liver IRI.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52212_566e7a7f51bdeeb62944e394df86538a.pdf
2018-01-01
19
34
10.21608/0047694
Liver
ischemic preconditioning
ischemic reperfusion injury
Gehane
M. Hamed
1
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Ansam
A. Seif
2
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Manal
S. Abd-El-Hamid
3
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Maryam
M. El-Masry
4
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
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2. Adam, A.N.I. (2014): Some mechanisms of the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning on rat liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. International Journal of General Medicine, 7: 483–489.
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3. Akachi, T., Shiina, Y., Kawaguchi, T., Kawagishi, H., Morita, T. and Sugiyama, K. (2010): 1-methylmalate from camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) suppressed D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem; 74: 573-578.
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57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MANAGEMENT OF RECENT UNSTABLE FRACTURES OF METACARPAL BONES OF THE HAND BY MINI-EXTERNAL FIXATOR
Background: Metacarpal fractures either closed or open are common injuries and may account the most common fractures in the skeletal system. These fractures can be treated conservatively or operatively depending on the nature of the injury, fractures pattern and stability. Objective: To assess the functional outcome of injuries of metacarpal fractures after fixation by mini external fixator. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on 15 patients presented with fractures in their metacarpals between February 2017 and November 2017 in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department in Mahalla General Hospital. The study included. The mini-external fixator was used to fix the fractures within the first 24 hours and patients were followed up for 6-8 weeks with an average period of 7 weeks. Results: 13 patients were satisfied with this fixation by mini external fixator with full range of motion.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_53517_2b2463e3f6973c5a006962140005742e.pdf
2018-01-01
35
46
10.21608/0047695
Unstable fractures
metacarpal bones
mini-external fixator
Ibrahim
Hussein
1
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine - Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Rashed
E Rashed
2
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine - Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Ahmed
M Eita
3
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine - Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Balaram AK and Bednar MS (2010): Complications after the fractures of metacarpal and phalanges. Hand Clin, 26(2):169-77.
2
2. Belsky MR, Eaton RG and Lane LB (2011): Closed reduction and internal fixation of metacarpal fractures. J Hand Surg [Am], 9:725-9.
3
3. Bloom JM and Hammert WC(2014): Evidence-based medicine: Metacarpal fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg., 133 (5):1252-60.
4
4. Chin SH, Vedder NB and MOC-PSSM CME (2008): Metacarpal fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 121(1 Suppl):1-13.
5
5. Day CS (2017): Fractures of the metacarpals and phalanges. Wolfe SW, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, eds. Green's Operative Hand Surgery. 7th ed. Pbl Philadelphia: Elsevier; Vol 1: 231-77.
6
6. Dailiana Z, Agorastakis D, Varitimidis S, Bargiotas K, Roidis N and Malizos KN (2009): Use of a mini-external fixator for the treatment of hand fractures. J Hand Surg Am., 34:630-6.
7
7. Emmett JE and Breck LW (2010): A review and analysis of 11,000 fractures seen in a private practice of orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg., 40-A: 1169.
8
8. Kamath JB, Harshvardhan, Naik DM and Bansal A (2011): Current concepts in managing fractures of metacarpal and phalangess. Indian J Plast Surg., 44:203-11.
9
9. Kollitz KM, Hammert WC, Vedder NB, Huang JI (2014): Metacarpal fractures: treatment and complications. Hand (N Y), 9(1):16-23.
10
10. Li WJ, Tian W and Tian GL (2009): Management of intra-articular fractures of the fingers via mini external fixator combined with limited internal fixation. Chin Med J (Engl), 122 (21):2616-9.
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11. Mohammed R, Farouk MZ and Newman K (2011): Percutaneous elastic intramedullary nailing of metacarpal fractures: surgical technique and clinical results study. J Orthop Surg Res., 6: P: 37.
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12. Posner MA (2012): Injuries to the hand and wrist in athletes. Orthop Clin North Am., 8:593-618.
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13. Ramsey H, Peter BM and Ali K (2010): Single Retrograde Intramedullary Wire Fixation of Metacarpal Shaft Fractures. Acta Orthop., 76: 751-7.
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14. Thakur A (2008): Operative management of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures. J Med Educ Res ;10:1-9.
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15. Thomas RK, Gaheer RS and Ferdinand RD (2008): A simple external fixator for complex finger fractures. Acta Orthop., 74: 109-13.
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16. Venkataswami R (2009): Surgery of the Injured Hand-Towards Functional Restoration. 1st ed. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Publishers, p. 409.
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17. Walter FL and Papandrea RF (2011): A mini external fixator for hand and finger fractures constructed from readily available materials. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg.,15:215-8.
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18. Watson-Jones R and Barton NJ (2009): Fractures and Joint Injuries of the hand. In: Wilson JN, editor. Watson-Jones fractures and joint Injuries. 7th ed. Noida: Elsevier Publishers, P: 650–95.
19
19. Wong HK, Lam CY and Wong KY(2008): Treatment of phalangeal and metacarpal fractures: A review. J Orthop., 10:42-50.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ROLE OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS AND TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND IN THE PREDICTION OF PRETERM LABOR
Background : Evaluation of cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin was considered as one of the most predictive factor for preterm labor when it is 50 ng/ml. Also, Salivary estriol (E3) has the same predictive factor for preterm labor when it is over 2.1ng/ml. The last factor in this study was measurement of cervical length. Objective: Assessing cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin and maternal Salivary estriol (E3) as biochemical markers, as well as transvaginal ultrasound in the prediction of preterm labor. Patients and Methods: The study included 150 pregnant women at gestational ages between 24 weeks and 34 weeks confirmed by sure history of last menstrual period and first trimestric ultrasound examination.The patients in this study were fulfilling the inclusion criteria, and were enlisted in a prospective clinical trial. As regard cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin, measure of it as Dacron swab was rotated in posterior fornix of the vagina or ectocervix and sent for assay of fetal fibronectin. Salivary estriol (E3) was collected from mouth after washing it, and stored till time of assay. Cervical length was evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound. Results: There was a highly significant difference between women with positive and negative fibronectin regarding gestational age at delivery. Salivary estriol (E3) showed a highly significant difference between women with positive and negative E3 regarding gestational age at delivery. Also, cervical length showed a highly significant difference between women with short and normal cervical length regarding gestational age at delivery. There was no significant effect for age, parity, presence of uterine contractions and uterine anomalies on the outcome of pregnancy . Conclusion: Cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin, salivary estriol E3 and measurement of cervical length were more helpful in prediction of preterm labor.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_53521_e7fe4722a732223088760cd20c95e84e.pdf
2018-01-01
47
58
10.21608/0047696
Farid
Ibrahim Hassan
1
Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
Emad
Maarouf Abdel Latif
2
Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
Omar
Salem Abdel Aziz Mubarak
3
Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
Salah
Ahmed El Beltagi
4
Departments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Barber MA, Eguilu I, Plasencia W, Medina M, Valle L and Garcia JA (2010): Preterm delivery and ultrasound measurement of cervical length in Gran Canaria, Spain. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 108; 58–60.
2
2. Craigo SD (2011): Indicated Preterm Birth for Fetal Anomalies Semin Perinatol. The Journal of Maternal fetal And Neonatal Medicine, 35:270-276.
3
3. Heinne RR, McGregor JA and Dullien VK (2007): Accuracy of salivary estriol testing compared to traditional risk factor assessment in predicting preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol.,180:S214-8 .
4
4. Hutcheon JA, Skoll MA, Eastabrook GD and Lim KI (2012): The Case for Universal Cervical Length Screening to Prevent Preterm Birth: Is it Strong Enough to Change Practice in Canada? J Obstet Gynaecol Can., 34(12):1184–1187.
5
5. Lim K, Kimberly VB, Crane JM and John’s NL (2009): Ultrasound cervical measurement and prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in ICSI pregnancies: a prospective controlled study. RBM on line , 18. (2); 296-300.
6
6. Malamud D (2011): Saliva as a Diagnostic Fluid. Dent Clin N Am., 55: 159–178.
7
7. McLaren JS, Hezelgrave NL, Ayubi H, Seed PT and Shennan AH (2015) : Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth using quantitative fetal fibronectin after recent sexual intercourse. Am J Obstet Gynecol., 212:89.e1-5.
8
8. Owen j And Melissa M (2012): Cervical Cerclage for the Prevention of Preterm Birth. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am., 39: 25–33.
9
9. Peng CR, Chen CP, Wang KG, Wang LK , Chen C and Chen Y (2015): The reliability of transabdominal cervical length measurement in a low-risk obstetric population: Comparison with transvaginal measurement and trans-abdominal measurement. Am J Obstet Gynecol ., 208: 233.el-6.
10
10. Sotiriadis A, Papaeheodorou S, Kavvadies K and Makrydima G (2010): Transvaginal cervical length measurement for prediction of preterm birth in women with threatened preterm labor: a meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol., 35:54–64.
11
11. Souka AP, Papastefanou I, Michalitsi V, Salambasis K, Chrelias C, Salamalekis G and Kassanos D (2011): Cervical Length Changes From the First to Second Trimester of Pregnancy, and Prediction of Preterm Birth by First-Trimester Sonographic Cervical Measure-ment. Ultrasound Med ., 30:997–1002.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ROLE OF OSTEOPONTIN AND DIKKOPF RELATED PROTEIN -1(DKK-1) AS DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS OF HCV RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Background: Osteopontin (OPN) is an important tumor marker, since it presents as an immobilized extracellular matrix molecule in addition to be present as a secreted form in body fluids involving plasma. Osteopontin levels in the plasma were found to be significantly higher in hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients than in healthy control individuals and also higher than in patients with chronic liver diseases. Dikkopf related protein-1 (DKK-1) is a diagnostic and prognostic serologic marker for early HCC. The DKK-1 mRNA and protein levels were found to be up regulated in early HCC. Study design: This is a retrospective case control study. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of serum OPN level and Dickkopf-1(DKK1) as potential markers of HCC among HCV infected patients, compared to alpha fetoprotein (AFP). Also, its relationship with clinicopathological features of HCC patients. Subjects and Methods: The study included 90 adult subjects; they were classified into 3 groups. Group1: It included 30 patients with HCC. Group 2: It included 30 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) (chronic hepatitis C without HCC), and Group 3: It included 30 apparently healthy individuals as a control group. Serum Osteopontin and Dikkopf related protein -1(DKK-1) were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA. Results: There were highly statistical significant differences between the three groups as regard serum Dikkopf related protein -1 and Osteopontin levels (p <0.001). DKK1 and OPN levels were significantly higher in metastasis cases than non-metastatic cases (p <0.001), while AFP level was non-significant P= 0.424. Patients with large tumor size have significantly higher OPN levels p=0.025, while non-significantlydifferent as regard AFP and DKK1 levels. Conclusion: OPN and DKK1 can be used for diagnosis of HCC and differentiation between HCC and CLD. OPN and DKK1 have higher sensitivity and specificity than AFP and can be used for early diagnosis. Combination between OPN and DKK1 has increased both sensitivity and specificity for detection of of HCC.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_53526_513ae94d639d4d080bb1187d0f202054.pdf
2018-01-01
59
72
10.21608/0047697
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Chronic liver disease
Osteopontin
Dickopf related protein- 1
Abdellah
A. Omar
1
Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-azhar University.
AUTHOR
Ashraf
T. Abd Elmouttaleb
2
Medical biochemistry Department Assisted Reproductive unit, International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
M. Bayomy
3
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
Gamal
M. Soliman
4
Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Abohalima AS and Salem HM (2014): Osteopontin as hepatocellular carcinoma marker in HCV related liver cirrhosis. Life Science Journal; 1.
2
2. Abu El Makarem MA, Abdel-Aleem A, AliA, Saber R, Shatat M, Rahem DA and Sayed D (2011): Diagnostic significance of plasma osteopontin in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Hepatol; 10: 296-305.
3
3. Al-Zoubi S, Wassou fA, and Zetoune AB (2017): Measuring Levels of Osteopontin as a potential biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Syrian patients. Gastroentero-logy and Hepatology from bed to bench; 4: 123-29.
4
4. El-Din Bessa SS, Elwan NM, Suliman GA and El-Shourbagy SH (2010): Clinical significance of plasma osteopontin level in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Med Res; 41(7): 541-547.
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5. El-Garem H, Abdel-Hafez H, Foaud A, Al Akel W, Eldien Atia M, Wang VW, Mok SC, Smith DI and Berkowitz RS (2013): Tissue biomarkers in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma among Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C: A possible genetic profile. Br J Med Med Res; 3: 1858-1870.
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6. El-Zayadi AR, Badran HM, Barakat EM, Attia MD, Shawky S, Mohamed MK, Selim O and Saeid A (2005): Hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt: a single center study over a decade. World J Gastroenterol; 11: 5193–5198.
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7. Fatima S, John ML, Ronnie TP and Nikki PL (2014): Dysregulated expression of dickkopfs for potential detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver International; 14 (5): 535-548.
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8. Fouad SA, Mohamed NA, Fawzy MF, Doaa A, Moustafa DA, Cheung TH, Wong RR, Yim SF and Ng MH (2015): Plasma osteopontin level in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Mon; 15(9): 307.
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9. Goldman L and Ausiello D (2004): Hepato-cellular carcinoma. In: Arend, Armitage, Drazen, Gill, Griggs, Powell, Scheld. Cecil Textbook of Medicine, Elsevier, Holland; 4(22): 1224-1225.
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10. Gomceli I, Bostanci EB, Ozer I, Tam FC, Chung TK and Wong YF (2012): A novel screening biomarker in gastric cancer: serum Dickkopf-1. Hepato Gastroenterology; 59: 1661-4.
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11. Keddeas MW and Abo-shady RA (2011): Evaluation of plasma osteopontin level as a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. Egyptian Liver Journal; 1: 38–42.
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12. Lehman EM and Wilson ML (2009): Epidemiology of hepatitis virusesamong hepatocellular carcinoma cases and healthy peoplein Egypt: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer; 124(3): 690-7.
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13. Salem M, Abdel Atti S, El Raziky M, Darweesh SK and El Sharkawy M (2013): Clinical Significance of Plasma Osteopontin Level as a Biomarker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology Research; 6(5):191-199.
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14. Shaker MK, Abdella HM, Khalifa MO and Dorry AE (2013): Epidemiological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt: a retrospective analysis of 1313 cases. Liver International; 33(10): 1601-1606.
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15. Shen Q, Fan J, Yang XR, Chan PK, Cheung TH and Yim SF (2012): Serum DKK1 as a protein biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a large-scale, multicenter study. Lancet Oncol; 13: 817-26.
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16. Sun HY, Li Y, Guo K, Kang XN, Sun C and Liu YK (2011): Identification of metastasis-related osteopontin expression and glycosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi; 19: 904-907.
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17. Sun J, Xu HM, Zhou HJ, Mac Conaill LE, Doran G and Pedamallu CS (2009): The prognostic significance of preoperative plasma levels of osteopontin in patients with TNM stage-1 of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol; 135(1): 10–15.
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18. Venook AP, Papandreou C, Furuse J, and de Guevara LL (2010): The incidence, epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: a global and regional perspective. Oncologist; 15 (4): 5-13.
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19. Yamashita T, Forgue M, Wang W, Kim JW, Ye Q, Jia H, Ojesina AI, Wong RR and Wang VW (2008): EpCAM and alpha-fetoprotein expression defines novel prognostic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res; 68: 1451–1461.
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20. Yang H, Chen GD, Fang F, Liu Z, Lau SH, Zhang JF and Yang LY (2012): Dickkopf-1: as a diagnostic and prognostic serum marker for early hepatocellular carcinoma. The International Journal of Biological Markers; 28(3): 286-297.
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21. Yang M, Ramachandran A, Yan HM, Woolbright BL, Copple BL, Freeman SS, Lau TS, Kwong J and Chan LK (2014): Osteopontin is an initial mediator of inflammation and liver injury during obstructive cholestasis after bile duct ligation in mice. Toxicol Lett; 224: 186-195.
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23. Yu B, Yang X, Xu Y, Elias KM, Lawrence M, Getz G, Smith DI and Crum CP (2009): Elevated expression of DKK1 is associated with cytoplasmic/nuclear beta-catenin accumulation and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinomas. J Hepatol; 50: 948-57.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES INDUCED EXPERIMENTALLY IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder. It is a pathological state leads to long term complications causing damage of different tissue and organs as heart and blood vessels. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Melatonin has extraordinary antioxidant potential and reduce the level of free radical burden on the level of both oxygen and nitrogen species. Objective: Evaluation of melatonin on hypertension and diabetes induced experimentally in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Seventy adult male albino rats of local strain were divided into equal seven groups as follow: Group I: served as control group received normal saline, Group II: diabetic group, Group III: hypertensive group, Group IV: Diabetic-hypertensive group, Group V: diabetic-melatonin-treated group, Group VI: Hypertensive-melatonin-treated group and Group VII: Diabetic-hypertensive-melatonin-treated group. At the end of experimental period, blood samples were obtained for detwrmination of glycated hemoglobin, plasma glucose, serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG)), serum insulin, serum urea and serum creatinine levels. Measurments of blood pressure were performed for the hypertensive rats. Also, cardiac muscles samples were obtained for histopathology study. Results: STZ led to significant increase in blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum urea and serum creatinine levels associated with significant decrease in serum insulin level.Cadmium led to significant increase in total cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum urea and serum creatinine levels associated with significant increase in blood pressure. Melatonin treatment led to significant decrease of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum urea and serum creatinine levels associated with significant increase in serum insulin level associated with significant decrease blood pressure. Conclusion: Melatonin has a protective effect against cardiac muscle abnormalities in diabetic, diabetic-hypertensive and hypertensive rats due to its antioxidant properties.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_53533_33a9260057c2efd933f6ab6c1b8f790f.pdf
2018-01-01
73
87
10.21608/0047698
STZ
cadmium
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Melatonin
Mohamed
Bahaii Elsokkary
1
Medical Physiology Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
AUTHOR
Shebl
Ramadan Samaha
2
Medical Physiology Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Ali Mahmoud Abbas
3
Medical Physiology Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Agil, A., Navarro-Alarcón, M., Ruiz, R., Abuhamadah, S. and El-Mir, M. Y. (2011): Beneficial effects of melatonin on obesity and lipid profile in young Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Pineal Res., 50: 207-212.
2
2. Akinnuga, A. M., Jeje, S., Bamidele, O., Amaku, E., Otogo, F. O. and Sunday, V. E. (2014): Virgin Coconut Oil: Remedial Effects on Renal Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats. Physiology Journal, 14:1-5.
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3. Alabbassi, M. G., Hussain, S. A. and Ali, S. H. (2008): Therapeutic effects of melatonin in lead-induced toxicity in rats. Iraqi J. Pharm. Sci., 17: 47-54
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4. Alamgeer, A., Taseer, A., Muhammad, N. H., Muhammad, N. M., Jahangir, K., Raheela, Q., Abdul Qayum, K., Suneela, A. and Aqsa, G. (2015): Evaluation of Antihypertensive Effect of Aqueous Methanol Extract of Caralluma tuberculataN.E.Br in Sprauge Dawley Rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 14 (3): 455-462.
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5. Alghasham, A. A. (2013): Comparative Assessment of Melatonin-Afforded Protection in Liver, Kidney and Heart of Male Mice against Doxorubicin Induced Toxicity. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 4: 590-598.
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19. Hussein, S. A., Abd El-Hamid, O. M. and Ahmad, M. S. (2014): Protective Effects of Alpha-lipoic Acid and Melatonin Against Cadmium-induced Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of Rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 9: 1-24.
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47. Szkudelski, T. (2012): Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes in the rat. Characteristics of the experimental model. Exp Biol Med., 237: 481-490.
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48. Tietz, N. (2011): Tietz text book of clinical chemistry, 5 th Ed.WB Saunders. Co. London, Philadelphia: 796-798.
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49. Vishnu, K., shingh, P. and Ramesh, C. (2009): Hypolipidimic activity of hibiscus rosa sinensis root in rats. Indian J biochemistry and biophysics, 46: 507-510.
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50. Weaver, V. M., Kim, N. S., Lee, B. K., Parsons, P. J., Spector, J. and Fadrowski, J. (2011): Differences in urine cadmium associations with kidney outcomes based on serum creatinine and cystatin C. Environmental Research, 111(8):1236-1242.
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54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
STATISTICAL STUDY OF FATAL BLUNT HEAD INJURIES IN GREAT CAIRO GOVERNORATE DURING 2014
Backgrounds: Of all regional injuries, those of the head and neck are the most common and most important in forensic practice. The head is the target of choice in the great majority of assaults involving blunt trauma. When the victim is pushed or knocked to the ground, he often strikes his head. The brain and its coverings are vulnerable to degrees of blunt trauma that would rarely be lethal if applied to other body areas.
Objective: Study aimed to find out incidence and medico legal aspects of fatal blunt head injury to identify characters and magnitude of the problem to design a plan for better control of the problem.
Subjects and method: Study was carried out retrospectively through collecting data from post-mortem report of all fatal blunt head injuries cases autopsied in Zeinhom mortuary during 2014. The variables considered were age and gender of victim, cause and manner of death, type of weapon, types of skull fractures, and seasonal variation.
Results: The studied group represented 129 cases out of total 2,128 cases that had been examined in Zeinhom mortuary during 2014. The highest incidence of head injury was seen in victims of 3rd and 4th decades (79 victims; 60%). The majority were males (99; 76%). Ninety three cases (72%) were victims of homicide, while suicidal cases were 16 (12.4%), and accidental fatal head trauma victims were 20 (15.5%).
Conclusion: Blunt trauma to the head is still a relevant challenge for the forensic pathologist who must obtain a complete and accurate history of the crime (including details regarding the crime scene), interpret patterns of injury and other findings at autopsy, and correlate all of the findings to make an accurate ruling of the cause and manner of death.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54631_69acaf7c625109006b265e938be9d932.pdf
2018-01-01
89
96
10.21608/0047699
Blunt injury
head
fatal
Cairo
Rageh
Reda Abdullah Awara
1
Forensic Medicine Council, Ministry of Justice, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
AUTHOR
Fouad
Helmy El -Dabah
2
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
AUTHOR
Ashraf
Ibrahim Hassan
3
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Akber EB , Alam MT, Rahman KM, Jahan I, Musa SA (2016): Pattern of Head Injuries (Cranio-cerebral) due to Homicide in Association with Other Injuries: A Retrospective Post-mortem Study Autopsied at Dhaka Medical College Morgue House., Mymensingh Med J., 25(2):296-302.
2
2. Ben Khelil M., Farhani F., Harzallah H., Allouche M., Gharbaoui M., Banasr A., Benzarti A. and Hamdoun M. (2017): Patterns of homicide in North Tunisia: a 10-year study (2005-2014), Injury Prevention, Pp 421-23.
3
3. Brown A.W., Elovic E.P., Kothari S., Flanagan S.R. and Kwasnica C. (2008): Congenital and acquired brain injury. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognostica-tion, innovative treatments and prevention. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89: S3–8.
4
4. Calvin H. K., Stephen K. H., George K., Stephanie N., Kevin K. W. and Ping K.L. (2012): Traumatic Brain Injury in the Elderly: Is it as Bad as we Think? Curr. Tran Geriatr Gerontol Rep., 1:171–178
5
5. Chattopadhyay S. P and Tripathi C. (2010): Skull fracture and haemorrhage pattern among fatal and nonfatal head injury assault victims – a critical analysis. J Inj. Violence Res. 2(2): 99-103.
6
6. Hemalatha N. and Singh G. O. (2013): Patterns of Cranio-intracranial injuries In Fatal Head Injury Cases. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. 35 (2):106-108
7
7. Kasmaei V. M., Asadi, P., Zohrevandi, B. and Raouf, M. T. (2015): An epidemiologic study of traumatic brain injuries in emergency department. Emergency, 3(4): 141 –145.
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8. Kranioti E.F. I. (2015): Forensic investigation of cranial injuries due to blunt force trauma: current best practice. Research and Reports in Forensic Medical Science, 5: 25-37.
9
9. Kristoffersen S. , Lilleng P.K. , Mæhle B.O. and Morild I. (2014): Homicides in Western Norway, 1985-2009, time trends, age and gender differences. Forensic Sci Int., 238:1-8.
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10. Saukko P. Knight B. (2015): Knights Forensic Pathology. 3rd ed. Pbl. Edward Arnold Publishers, pp: 174-221.
11
11. Verzeletti A., Bin P. and De Ferrari F. (2014): Homicide by blunt trauma in Brescia county (northern Italy) between 1982 and 2012. Am J Forensic Med Pathol., 35(1):62-7
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12. Vij A., Menon A., Menezes R.G., Kanchan T. and Rastogi P. (2010): A retrospective review of homicides in Mangalore, South India. J Forensic Leg Med., 17(6):312-5.
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13. Wu, X., Hu J. and Zhuo L (2008):. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in eastern China, 2004: a prospective large case study. J Trauma,64(5):1313-9.
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14. Yattoo G.H. and Tabish A., (2008): The profile of head injuries and traumatic brain injury deaths in Kashmir. J Trauma Manag Outcomes, 2(1):1-9.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ATORVASTATIN AMELIORATES CISPLATIN INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN EHRLICH ASCITES SOLID TUMOR-BEARING MICE: A PROSPECTIVE CASE CONTROL STUDY
Background: A relationship was observed between cholesterol and the development of many cancer types. However, the efficacy of the addition of hypolipidimic medications to cancer treatment regimen is unclear. Objective: To study the possible effects of atorvastatin on Ehrlich solid tumor bearing mice treated with cisplatin and to explore atorvastatin effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. Materials and methods: Sixty female Swiss albino mice were divided into five equal groups: Negative control, positive control, cisplatin treated, atorvastatin-treated and combination of cisplatin-and atorvastatin-treated group. Tumor volume, total antioxidant capacity, catalase, malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein and angiogenin were determined. Results: Markers of oxidative stress were the worest in cisplatin-treated group and the best in combination-treated group as there was significant increase in serum catalase and a relative increase in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) than cisplatin treated group. Moreover, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) showed relative decrease in combination-treated group than cisplatin-treated group.
Conclusion: The use of atorvastatin/cisplatin combination therapy increased antioxidant enzymes and decreased cisplatin induced oxidative stress pointing at the antioxidant effect of atorvastatin as a possible mechanism for its anticancer activity
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54632_01ab067f4023c4f128c78e2814e2d686.pdf
2018-01-01
97
107
10.21608/0047700
breast cancer
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma
Cisplatin
Atorvastatin
Oxidative Stress
Angiogenin
Ola
Sayed Mohamed Ali
1
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) , Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Noha
Abdel-Rahman Eldesoky
2
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) , Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Muhammad Salahuddin
3
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damnhour University
AUTHOR
Nehal
Mohamed Abdel-Aziz Eisa
4
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) , Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Abdel Rahman, M N and Abd el motelb A. (2011): Study of atorvastatin in experimental allergic air way inflammation in mice. Int. Immunopharmacol., 11: 1090–1094.
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Salman T M, Omran G A, El-Naa M M and Doghish AS (2014): Protective effect of proanthocyanidins on nephrotoxicity induced by antitumor dose of cisplatin in ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice. Arab J Lab Med., 40(2):953-965.
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SERUM ADROPIN LEVEL AND KIDNEY FUNCTIONS IN TYPE-II DIABETIC RAT MODEL WITH AND WITHOUT PIOGLITAZONE TREATMENT
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD), and the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Treatment with thiazolidinediones, particularly pioglitazone, may ameliorate kidney deterioration. Moreover, several peptide hormones participate in maintaining metabolic homeostasis including the recently discovered adropin. Data regarding adropin-circulating levels in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are still conflicting.
Objective: This study was designed to determine pioglitazone effect on some metabolic and kidney function parameters in type II diabetic rat model, and to investigate the relationship between serum adropin and such parameters.
Materials and methods: Thirty healthy adult male albino rats were used for this study. The rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups. Group-1; control group, group-2; type II diabetic group, and group-3; pioglitazone- treated diabetic group. Rats were examined for body weight, body mass index (BMI), adropin, glucose & insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipids profile, inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)], serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, angiotensin II, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), urine flow rate, protein, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal malondialdhyde (MDA) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Histopathological examinations for kidney tissues were also done.
Results: The present study revealed that diabetic rats showed significantly lower serum adropin levels than controls. Diabetes also significantly increased serum glucose with insulin resistance, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c), serum IL-6, TNF-α, PAI-1, serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, angiotensin II , MABP, urine flow rate, protein and renal MDA [with significant negative correlation versus serum adropin] but significantly decreased serum insulin and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), urine creatinine, GFR and renal SOD & GSH‑Px activities [with significant positive correlation versus serum adropin] together with deterioration of kidney histoarchitecture. Moreover, pioglitazon treatment resulted in a significant recovery in the above mentioned parameters in the treated diabetic group.
Conclusion: Serum adropin concentration was negatively associated with the observed renal deterioration and may have a potential protective role, in addition to pioglitazone ameliorating effects, in diabetic nephropathy.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54633_f15451f2bdac7fef0db17baec71f9ac1.pdf
2018-01-01
109
128
10.21608/0047701
diabetes
Nephropathy
Pioglitazone
adropin
Ebtesam
M. Ibrahim
1
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Suzan
M.M. Moursi
2
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Abe M, Okada K, Kikuchi F and Matsumoto K (2008): Clinical investigation of the effects of pioglitazone on the improvement of insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2-diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol., 70: 220–228.
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2. Abubakar M, Ukwuani A and Mande U (2015): Antihypertensive activity of Hibiscus Sabdariffa aqueous calyx extract in Albino rats. Sky Journal of Biochemistry Research ., 4(3): 16 –20.
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4. Al-Qattan K, Thomson M, Jayasree D and Ali M (2016): Garlic Attenuates Plasma and Kidney ACE-1 and AngII Modulations in Early Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Physiol Endocrinol Metab., 284(4): 841-54.
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5. Aydin S, Kuloglu T, Aydin S, Eren MN, Yilmaz M and Kalayci M (2013): Expression of adropin in rat brain, cerebellum, kidneys, heart, liver, and pancreas in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem., 380: 73–81.
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50. Siragy HM, Awad A, Abadir P and Webb R (2003): The angiotensin II type 1 receptor mediates renal interstitial content of tumor necrosis factor-α in diabetic rats. Endocrinology., 144 (6): 2229–2233.
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51. Sohn E, Kim J and Kim C (2013): The extract of Litsea japonica reduced the development of diabetic nephropathy via the inhibition of advanced glycation end products accumulation in db/db mice. Diabetologia, 29: 412–419.
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52. Srinivasan K, Viswanad B, Asrat L, Kaul CL and Ramarao P (2005): Combination of high-fat diet-fed and low-dose streptozotocin-treated rat: a model for type 2 diabetes and pharmacological screening. Pharmacol Res., 52: 313–320.
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53. Tanios BYand Ziyadeh FN (2012): Emerging therapies for diabetic nephropathy patients: beyond blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Nephron Extra., 2: 278-282.
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54. Tay YC, Wang Y, Kairaitis L, Rangan GK, Zhang C and Harris DC (2005): Can murine diabetic nephropathy be separated from superimposed acute renal failure? Kidney Int., 68(1): 391-8.
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55. Temple R, Clark P and Hales C (1992): Measurement of insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes: problems and pitfalls. Diabetic Medicine., 9: 503-512.
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56. Tietz N (1990): Clinical Guide to laboratory Tests, 2nd edition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol., 289: 1154–1159.
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58. Toblli JE, Ferrini MG, Cao G, Vernet D, Angerosa M and Gonzalez-Cadavid NF (2009): Antifibrotic effects of pioglitazone on the kidney in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplant., 24: 2384–2391.
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59. Topuz M, Celik A, Aslantas T, Demir AK, Aydin S and Aydin S (2013): Plasma adropin levels predict endothelial dysfunction like flow mediated dilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Investig Med., 61: 1161-1164
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60. Ugur K, Oz B, Ozkan Y, Sener SY, Orhan B and Aydin S (2015): Microalbuminuria by concentration serum and urine levels of adropin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephron Extra., 2: 278-282.
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61. Vallon V, Wead LM and Blantz RC (1995): Renal hemodynamics and plasma and kidney angiotensin II in established diabetes mellitus in rats: effect of sodium and salt restriction. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology., 5 (10): 1761–1767.
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62. Van Buren PN and Toto R (2011): Hypertension in Diabetic Nephropathy: Epide-miology, Mechanisms, and Management. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease; 18(1):28-41.
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63. Wu L, Fang J, Chen L, Zhao Z, Luo Y, Lin C and Fan L (2014): Low serum adropin is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients., Clin Chem Lab Med., 52 (5): 751–758. 64. Xu Y, Bai L, Chen X, Li Y, Qin Y, Meng X and Zhang Q (2017): 6-Shogaol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through anti-inflamma-tory, hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidative activity in db/db mice.Biomed Pharmacother., 97:633-641.
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65. Yang C, Demars KM, Hawkins KE, Candilario E (2016): Adropin reduces para-cellular permeability of rat brain endothelial cells exposed to ischemia-like conditions. Peptides., 81:29-37.
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66. Zafar M and Naqvi SN (2010): Effects of STZ-induced diabetes on the relative weights of kidney, liver and pancreas in albino rats: a comparative study. Int J Morphol., 28: 135-142.
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67. Zhang S, Xu H, Yu X, Wu Y and Sui D (2017): Metformin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in a rat model of low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine., 14(1): 383-390.
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68. Zhang XJ, Deng YX, Shi QZ, He MY, Chen B and Qiu XM (2014): Hypolipidemic effect of the Chinese polyherbal Huanglian Jiedu decoction in type 2 diabetic rats and its possible mechanism. Phytomedicine., 21 (5): 615–623.
68
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN FOLLOWING ORCHIDOPEXY FOR UNILATERAL PALPABLE UNDESCENDED TESTIS: EFFECT ON TESTICULAR VOLUME AND VASCULARITY
Background: Cryptorchidism is a common male genital anomaly discovered at birth. Orchiopexy is the sole curative option. However, hormonal treatment has its potential role. The type and regimen of hormonal treatment is widely different. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the use of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) as an adjunctive therapy after orchiopexy. Patients and Methods: The study included 60 boys presented with unilateral palpable undescended testis. Their ages at presentation ranged between 10 months and 6 years. All patients were subjected to history taking, clinical and radiological examination and orchiopexy. Patients were randomized into two equal groups. Randomization was done by a closed envelope that opened 2 weeks postoperatively by a nurse not included in the study. Group A received supportive hCG injection, two weeks after operation by single intramuscular injection weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. The dose was adjusted according to patient weight (< 10kg received 500 IU/week; 10-20 kg received 1000 IU/week and above 20 kg received 1500 IU/week). Group B received orchiopexy without postoperative hormonal support. Results: About 88.4% of studied children were underwent orchiopexy in the first two years of life. Both groups were comparable as regard to pre-intervention hormonal profile, and testicular volume before intervention, while after the intervention, volume significantly increased in group A with good blood supply. Conclusion: hCG postoperative supplementation for children with unilateral palpable undescended testis appears to be beneficial in subsequent outcome as expressed by increase in the size and vascularity of the testis.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54635_c7f5fd338f4d6ed1bf22fd3e4c12a5bc.pdf
2018-01-01
129
138
10.21608/0047702
Undescended testis
Orchidopexy
Human chorionic gonadotrophin, Testicular volume
Ibrahim
Mahmoud Elsayaad
1
Pediatric Surgery Departments; Faculty of Medicine (Damietta)
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Fekry El-Deek
2
Radiodiagnostics Departments; Faculty of Medicine (Damietta)
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Biers SM, and Malone PS (2010): A critical appraisal of the evidence for improved fertility indices in undescended testes after gonadotrophin-releasing hormone therapy and orchidopexy. J Pediatr Urol., 6:239-6.
2
2. Bu Q, Pan Z, Jiang S, Wang A and Cheng H (2016): The Effectiveness of hCG and LHRH in Boys with Cryptorchidism: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Horm Metab Res., 48(5):318-24.
3
3. Guminska A, Oszukowska E, Kuzanski W, Sosnowski M, Wolski JK, Walczak-Jedrzejowska R, Marchlewska K, Niedzielski J, Kula K, and Slowikowska-Hilczer J. (2010): Less advanced testicular organogenesis is associated with a higher incidence of germ cell neoplasia. Int J Androl., 33: 153-62.
4
4. Hadziselimovic F (2008): Successful treatment of unilateral cryptorchid boys risking infertility with LH-RH analogue. Int Braz J Urol., 34:319-26.
5
5. Hagag AA, Erfan AA, Elrifaey SM, Gamal RM and Harakan AI (2017): Penile and Testicular Measurements in Male Neonates and Infants: Single Center Egyptian Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets., 17(4):309-316.
6
6. Hollowell JG (2014): Undescended testis and infertility - Is hormonal therapy indicated? Transl Androl Urol., 3(4):377-81
7
7. Hutson JM, Balic A, Nation T and Southwell B (2010): Cryptorchidism. Semin Pediatr Surg., 19:215-24.
8
8. Hutson JM, Vikraman J, Li R and Thorup J (2017): Undescended testis: What paediatricians need to know. J Paediatr Child Health, 53(11):1101-1104.
9
9. Jallouli M, Rebai T, Abid N, Bendhaou M, Kassis M and Mhiri R (2009): Neoadjuvant gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy before surgery and effect on fertility index in unilateral undescended testes: a prospective randomized trial. Urology, 73(6):1251-4.
10
10. Khirallah MG, Elafifi MA, Elbatarny AM and Elsharaby AM (2015): Orchiopexy through a single high transverse scrotal incision. Afr J Paediatr Surg., 12(1):61-5.
11
11. Kokorowski PJ, Routh JC, Graham DA and Nelson CP (2010): Variations in timing of surgery among boys who underwent orchidopexy for cryptorchidism. Pediatrics, 126: e576-e582.
12
12. Kolon TF, Herndon CD, Baker LA, Baskin LS, Baxter CG, Cheng EY, Diaz M, Lee PA, Seashore CJ, Tasian GE, and Barthold JS (2014): Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA guideline. J Urol., 192:337-45.
13
13. Kucharski P and Niedzielski J (2013): Neoadjuvant human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) therapy may improve the position of undescended testis: a preliminary report. Cent Eur J Urol., 66: 224-8.
14
14. Liu Y and Li X (2010): Molecular basis of cryptorchidism-induced infertility. Sci China Life Sci., 53(11):1274-1283.
15
15. McCabe JE and Kenny SE (2008): Orchidopexy for undescended testis in England: is it evidence based? J Pediatr Surg., 43:353-7.
16
16. Miller DC, Saigal CS and Litwin MS (2009): The demgraphic burden of urologic diseases in America. Urol Clin North Am., 36: 11–27
17
17. Mouriquand PD (2008): Undescended testes in children: the pediatric urologist’s point of view. Eur J Endocrinal., 159: S83-S86.
18
18. Niedzielski JK, Oszukowska E and Słowikowska-Hilczer J (2016): Undescended testis – current trends and guidelines: a review of the literature. Arch Med Sci., 12, 3: 667–77
19
19. Oliveira LR, Homma TK, Woloszynek RR, Brito VN and Longui CA (2016): Gonadal response after a single-dose stimulation test with recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) in patients with isolated prepubertal cryptorchidism. Basic Clin Androl., 26 (13): 1-6.
20
20. Spinelli C, Strambi S, Busetto M, Pucci V and Bianco F (2014): Effects on normalized testicular atrophy index (TAIn) in cryptorchid infants treated with GnRHa pre and post-operative vs surgery alone: a prospective randomized trial and long-term follow-up on 62 cases. Pediatr Surg Int., 30 (10):1061-1067.
21
21. Varela-Cives R, Méndez-Gallart R, Estevez-Martínez E, Rodriguez-Barca P, Bautista-Casasnovas A, Pombo-Arias M and Tojo-Sierra R. (2015): Cross-sectional study of cryptorchidism in children: testicular volume and hormonal function at 18 years of age. Int Braz J Urol., 41: 57-66.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION OF SOME ADIPOKINES ON TYPE II DIABETES IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE ADULT MALE RATS
Background: Type 2 diabetes results from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Overweight/obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Objective: Examining the changes in leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels in obese and non-obese rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the effects on body weight, BMI, insulin resistance, HbA1c and fasting blood sugar. Materials and methods: Forty adult male albino rats of local strain were chosen as an animal model for this study. They were divided into normal control, control obese, diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus obese rats. Rats were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40mg/kg B.W) that successfully induced type 2 diabetes. The high fat diet was used to induce obesity.It was prepared by increasing the fat content of diet to 11-12%. At the end of the experimental period, rats were weighed and BMI was calculated. The rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected, and the separated plasma was stored at -20˚C for biochemical assays. Results: Regarding plasma leptin and resistin levels, all groups showed a significant increase as compared with control. There was a significant decrease in plasma adiponectin levels in all groups as compared with control group. There was a significant increase in plasma L/A ratio in all groups as compared with control group. Conclusion: The decrease in adiponectin and the increase in resistin and leptin levels inplasma could be attributed to hyperglycemia and the increased insulin resistance observed in obese, diabetic and diabetic obese rats.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54636_ee61fe6beb72e428d55243d0ff18ef4e.pdf
2018-01-01
139
148
10.21608/0047703
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
leptin
adiponectin
Resistin
Hamed
Mohamed Osman
1
Medical Physiology Departments, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Desoky Badawy
2
Medical Physiology Departments, October 6th Faculty Of Medicine
AUTHOR
Mohamed
El-Sayed Abdelfatah
3
Medical Physiology Departments, Armed Forces College of Medicine
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Fekry Farag
4
Medical Physiology Departments, Armed Forces College of Medicine
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Adya R., Tan B. and Randeva H. (2015): Differential effects of leptin and adiponectin in endothelial angiogenesis. Journal of diabetes research, 15(1): 11-12.
2
2. Bergmark B., Cannon c., White W., Jarolim P., Liu Y., Bonaca M. and Morrow D. (2017): Baseline adiponectin concentration and clinical outcomes among patients with diabetes and recent acutecoronary syndrome in the EXAMINE trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 19(7): 962-969.
3
3. Burnett L., Skowronski A., Rausch R., LeDuc A. and Leibel L. (2017): Determination of the half-life of circulating leptin in the mouse. International Journal of Obesity, 41(3): 355-359.
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4. Efeyan A., Comb W. C. and Sabatini D.M. (2015): Nutrient-sensing mechanisms and pathways. Nature, 517(7534): 302-313.
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5. Esser N., Legrand-Poels S., Piette J., Scheen A. J. and Paquot N. (2014): Inflammation as a link between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 105(2): 141-150.
6
6. Gheibi S. , Bakhtiarzadeh F., Jeddi S., Farrokhfall K., Zardooz H. and Ghasemi A. (2017): Nitrite increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet insulin content in obese type 2 diabetic male rats. Nitric Oxide, 64: 39–51.
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7. Hajer G.R., vanHaeften T.W. and Visseren F.L. (2008): Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases. Eur Heart J., 2959-2971.
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8. Hannan F. and Culligan K.G. (2015): Human resistin and the RELM of Inflammation in diabesity. Diabetol Metab Syndr., 7: 1–11.
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9. Kocot J., Dziemidok P., Kiełczykowska M., Hordyjewska A., Szcześniak G. and Musik I. (2017): Adipokine Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Depends on Degree of Obesity. International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 23: 4995-4998.
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10. Liu C.W., Yang S.Y., Lin C.K., Liu H.S., Ho L.T. and Wu L.Y. (2014): The forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 stimulates the expression of the adipocyte resistin gene. Gen Comp Endocrinol., 196: 41–51.
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11. Menzaghi C., Bacci S., Salvemini L., Mendonca C., Palladino G., Fontana A., De Bonis C., Marucci A., Goheen E., Prudente S., Morini E., Rizza S., Kanagaki A., Fini G., Mangiacotti D., Federici M., De Cosmo S., Pellegrini F., Doria A. and Trischitta V. (2013): Serum resistin, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One, 8: e64729.
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12. Momin A., Bankar M. and Bhoite G. (2017): Association of single nucleotide polymor-phisms of adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their influence on cardiovascular risk markers. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 32(1): 53-60.
13
13. Münzberg H. and Morrison C. D (2015): “Structure, production and signal ingofleptin,” Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 64(1): 13–23.
14
14. Podell B.K., Ackart D.F., Richardson M.A., DiLisio J.E., Pulford B. and Basaraba R.J. (2017): A model of type 2 diabetes in the guinea pig using sequential diet-induced glucose intolerance and streptozotocin treatment. Dis. Model Mech., 10 (2): 151–162.
15
15. Romacho T., Elsen M., Röhrborn D. and Eckel J. (2014): Adipose tissue and its role in organ crosstalk. Acta Physiol., 210: 733–753.
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16. Sáinz N., Barrenetxe J., Moreno-Aliaga M. J. and Martínez J. A. (2015): Leptin resistance and diet-induced obesity: central and peripheral actions of leptin. Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental, 64(1): 35-46.
17
17. Sampath C., Rashid M.R., Sang S. and Ahmedna M. (2017): Green tea epigallocatechin 3gallate alleviates hyperglycemia and reduces advanced glycation end products via nrf2 pathway in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. Biomed. Pharmacother., 87: 73–81
18
18. Santilli F., Liani R., Di Fulvio P., Formoso G., Simeone P., Tripaldi R. and Davì G. (2016). Increased circulating resistin is associated with insulin resistance, oxidative stress and platelet activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 116(12): 1089-1099.
19
19. Spite M., Clària J. and Serhan C. N. (2014): Resolvins, specialized proresolving lipid mediators, and their potential roles in metabolic diseases. Cell metabolism, 19(1): 21-36.
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20. Woods S.C., Seeley R.J., Rushing P.A., D’Alessio D. and Tso P. (2003): A controlled high-fat diet induces an obese syndrome in rats. J. Nutr., 133: 1081-1087.
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21. Yoshino G., Fatsushita M., Maeda E., Naka Y., Nagata K., Mosita M.M., Mats K., Kazumi T. and Kasuga M. (1992): Effects of long-term insulin deficiency and insulin treatment on the composition of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and triglyceride turnover in rats. Atherosclerosis, 2(3): 243-30.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE DIMENSIONAL AND TWO DIMENSIONAL ULTRASOUND MARKERS OF OVARIAN RESERVE IN WOMEN UNDERGOING INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI)
Background: Over the last two decades, various ultrasound markers have been investigated to evaluate their role in the prediction of ovarian function and hence reserve. The three most common markers that have been specifically addressed are ovarian volume, antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian vascularity.
Objective : To evaluate differences between three-dimensional (3D) and two dimensional(2D) ultrasound markers of ovarian reserve (antral follicle count and ovarian volume ) in women undergoing investigation for subfertility before intra cytoplasmic sperm injection.
Patients and methods: This study was a prospective observational study including 50 women who attend the Infertility Clinic at Al-Azhar International Islamic Center for population studies and researches.
Intervention: Measurement of cycle day three follicle stimulating hormone (CD3 FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), anti Mullerian hormone (AMH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and ovarian reserve{antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume (OV) }by transvaginal tow dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) ultrasound , patients were subjected to long ovulation induction protocol. Assessment of follicles number, quality and number of oocyte retrieved was done.
Results: There was no difference between 2D and 3D ultrasound in the assessment of antral follicle count. The difference between 2D and 3D ultrasound in the assessment of ovarian volume was minimal and non-significant.
Conclusions: Application of transvaginal sonography in evaluation of ovarian reserve proved to be of important value in the assessment of poor and good responders for ICSI treatment, to avoid expensive IVF cycle cancellation.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54638_4a2fbca54750c1d3ef61b6c8c6e1b82b.pdf
2018-01-01
149
159
10.21608/0047704
Yehia
Abd Elsalam Wafa
1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Mohamed Gebril
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Mohamed Rammah
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Hazem
Mohamed Tawfik Nada
4
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Antonio P., Gerado A., Fernando N., Yase R.C. and Fernando B-M. (2016): Evaluation of the ovarian reserve in young low responder with normal basal levels of follicle-stimulating hormone using three-Dimensional ultrasono-graphy. Fertil Steril.,70(4):165-169.
2
2. Hansen R., Angela C.T., Michael R., Nancy A.K., Patrick M.S. and William J.B. (2017): Reproductive ageing and ovarian function: is the early follicular phase FSH rise necessary to maintain adequate secretory function in older ovulatory women? Hum. Reprod., 20(1):89-95.
3
3. Jayaprakasan K., Al-Hasie H. and Jayaprakasan R. (2008): The three-dimen-sional ultrasonographic ovarian vascularity of women developing poor ovarian response during assisted reproduction treatment and its predictive value. Fertil Steril., 92(6):1862-1869.
4
4. Maheshwari A, Hamilton M and Bhattacharya S. (2008): A survey of clinicians’ views on age and access to IVF and the use of tests of ovarian reserve prior to IVF in the United Kingdom. Hum Fertil (Camb), 11(1):23–7.
5
5. Oppermann, Skull J., McVeigh E., Margara R. and Winston RM. (2010): Measurement of ovarian volume by transvaginal sonography before ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotrophin for in-vitro fertilization can predict poor response. Hum Reprod., 12:294-297.
6
6. Penarrubia J., Balach Y., Carmona F., Casals G., Casamitjana R., Creus M., Fabregues F., Manau D. and Yuan A. (2013): Basal and stimulation day 5 anti Mullerian hormone serum concentration as predictors of ovarian response and pregnancy in assisted reproductive technology cycles stimulated with gonadatropin – releasing hormone agonist – gonadotropin treatment. Hum. Reprod., 20(4):915-922.
7
7. Scheffer G.J., Broekmans F.J., Bancsi L.F., Habbema J.D., Looman C.W. and Te Velde E.R. (2008):Quantitative transvaginal two- and three-dimensionalsonography of the ovaries; reproducibility of antral follicle counts. UltrasoundObstet Gynecol., 20: 270-275.
8
8. Tevelde E.R. and Pearson P.L. (2010): The variability of female reproduction ageing. Hum. Reprod., 8: 141-154.
9
9. Tomas C., Nuojua-Huttunen S. and Martikainen H. (2009): Pretreatment transvaginal ultrasound examination predicts ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins in in vitro fertilization. Hum. Reprod., 12:220-23.
10
10. Van Voorhis BJ (2010):What do consistently high-performing in vitro fertilization programs in the U.S. do? Fertil Steril, 94(4):1346–9.
11
11. Yohnson J., Conning J., Kaneko T., Pruy K. and Tilly Y.L. (2011): Germ line stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary. Nature, 428: 145-150.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE POSSIBLE EFFECT OF PREBIOTIC OLIGOFRUCTOSE ON GUT MICROBIOTA AND METABOLIC ENDOTOXEMIA PRODUCED BY HIGH FAT DIET IN ADULT MALE RATS
Background:Gut microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms that live in the GIT of humans and other animals.Oligofructose(OFS) is one of prebiotics which modulates gut microbiota.
Objective:Assessing the potential effects of the prebiotic OFS on gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemiain high fat diet (HFD) fed rats.
Material and methods: Forty adult male albino rats weredivided into 2 groups: Group I (10 rats)fed on a standard rat chow for 14weeks. Group II (30 rats) fed on HFD for 8weeks.In the next 6 weeks, rats of group II were divided into 3 equal subgroups:Group II 1(control B) continued feeding on HFD.Group II 2 continued feeding on HFD with administration of OFS. Group II 3 continued feeding on standard rat chow instead of HFD with administration of OFS. At the end of 14 weeks, blood and fecal samples were collected for biochemical analysisto gut microbiota (FirmicutesandBacteroidetes phyla), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).
Results: OFS produced increase in Bacteroidetes phylum in comparison with HFD fed group (control B). On the other hand, OFS produced decrease in Firmicutes phylum, LPS and TNFα in comparison with HFD fed group (control B). There was better improvement when OFS was given standard rat chow than with HFD.
Conclusion: OFS induced improvement in gut microbiota composition, endotoxemiaand inflammatory biomarkers. There was better improvement when OFS was fed with standard diet in HFD fed rats.
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54642_3141aecd77a7ad89a11d15822161a565.pdf
2018-01-01
161
169
10.21608/0047705
prebiotics
oligofructose
gut microbiota
metabolic endotoxemia
High fat diet
Faten
I. Mohammed
1
Physiology department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Mai
M. Farrag
2
Physiology department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Gehan
A. Youssef
3
Physiology department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
REFERENCES
1
1. Abozid, M.M. and Mariah, R.A. (2016): Evaluation the Impact of Three Important Fat Sources in Egyptian Diets on Rats. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 7 (1): 642- 646.
2
2. Aguirre, M. and Venema, K. (2015): Does the Gut Microbiota Contribute to Obesity? Going beyond the Gut Feeling. Microorganisms; 3(2): 213–235.
3
3. Altunkaynak, Z. (2005): Effects of High Fat Diet Induced Obesity on Female Rat Livers (A Histochemical Study). European Journal of General Medicine, 2(3):100-109.
4
4. Anitha, M.; Reichardt, F.; Tabatabavakili, S.; Nezami, B. G.; Chassaing, B.; Mwangi, S. and Srinivasan, S. (2016): Intestinal Dysbiosis Contributes to the Delayed Gastrointestinal Transit in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2 (3): 328-339.
5
5. Arana, M.R.; Tocchetti, G.N.; Zecchinati, F.; Londero, A.S.; Dominguez, C.; Perdomo, V.; Rigalli, J.P.; Villanueva, S.S.M. and Mottino, A.D. (2017): Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Prevents Down-Regulation of Intestinal Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 and P-Glycoprotein in Endotoxemic Rats. Toxicology, 390: 22-31
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6. Barczynska, R.; Bandurska, K.; Slizewska, K.; Litwin, M. Szalecki, M.; Libudzisz, Z. and Kapusniak, J. (2015): Intestinal Microbiota, Obesity and Prebiotics. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 64 (2): 93–100.
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7. Bilski, J.; Mazur-Bialy, A.; Wojcik, D.; Zahradnik-Bilska, J.; Brzozowski, B.; Magierowski, M. and Brzozowski, T. (2017): The Role of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase in Inflammatory Disorders of Gastrointestinal Tract. Mediators of Inflammation, 2017: 1-9.
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8. Bomhof, M.R; Saha D.C; Reid D.T; Paul H.A; and Reimer, R.A (2014): Combined Effects of Oligofructose and Bifidobacterium animalis on Gut Microbiota and Glycemia in Obese Rats. Obesity, 22 (3): 763–771.
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9. Boulange, C.L.; Neves, A.L.; Chilloux, J.; Nicholson, J.K. and Dumas, M. (2016): Impact of the Gut Mcrobiota on Inflammation, Obesity and Metabolic Disease. Genome Medicine, 8 (1):1-12.
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10. Brynskov, J.; Foegh, P.; Pedersen, G.; Ellervik, C.; Kirkegaard, T.; Bingham, A. and Saermark, T. (2002): Tumour Necrosis Factor α Converting Enzyme (TACE) Activity in the Colonic Mucosa of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gut, 51(1): 37–43.
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