CIRCULATING NEURAL AND MUSCLE PROGENITOR MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN BLOOD OF DOWN SYNDROME PATIENTS
Ekram
Abdel-Salam
Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
author
Soheir
Saad Koraa
Department of Radiation Health, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egypt
author
Doaa
Mohammed Abdelatif
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
author
Doaa
Karam Sadek
EAPRU, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain–Shams University, Egypt
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder, which is associated with various manifestations including neuromuscular defects. These defects should be compensated through other pathways for regeneration and repair, with growing evidence suggest that circulating neural and muscle progenitor cells have pivotal role in the maintenance of muscle and neural tissues integrity and repair after injury.
Objective: The aim of the present work was to determine factors and markers of muscle and neural regeneration in the blood of Down syndrome (DS) patients as well as controls and demonstrating correlation between them.
Subjects and Methods: This study was carried out on 40 DS patients and 30 apparently healthy controls. DS patients were selected from cases already diagnosed by chromosomal karyotyping in the genetic unit, pediatric department, Cairo University. Factors of regeneration were measured in terms of NGF, SDF-1 and Galectin-1 using ELISA. Markers of regeneration were measured in terms of circulating mononuclear cells expressing Nestin, CD34 and CD45 using flow cytometry.
Results: Results showed significant increase in plasma NGF,SDF-1, and Gal-1 in DS patients compared to controls. On the other hand, we demonstrated significant decrease in Nestin, CD34, and CD45 surface marker. Our results showed negative correlation between NGF and Nestin, between SDF-1 and CD34, and between Gal-1 and CD45 among DS patients.
Conclusion: The significant increase in the NGF, SDF-1 and Gal-1 accompanied by a significant decrease in number of mononuclear cells expressing, Nestin, CD34 and CD45 indicated neuromuscular degeneration in DS, which was not compensated by the regenerative mechanism.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
143
152
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64501_468fcd7f3f78972f5a47a80926e90c95.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018608
EVALUATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN, SERUM VISFATIN, LEPTIN LEVEL AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN OBESE CHILD AND NON OBESE CHILD
Hegazy
Mogahed Altamimy
Departments of Rheumatology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine (Cairo and Damietta)
author
Mahmoud
Farag Salem
Departments of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine (Cairo and Damietta)
author
Albakry
Mohamed Tharwat Albakry
Departments of Pediatric, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine (Cairo and Damietta)
author
Ayman
Alsaeed Sadek
Departments of Cardiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine (Cairo and Damietta)
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity is becoming an important public health problem in childhood and presents numerous problems. Similarly to the risks of obesity in adulthood, childhood obesity is also a leading cause of pediatric hypertension associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Objective :This study was designed to compare the anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI, waist circumference) systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid profile (T.C, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C), fasting blood glucose, leptin level , visfatin level and correlation between musculoskeletal pain and weight, waist, BMI ,leptin an Visfatin level within obese children and non obese children.
Patients and methods The study included two groups. Group (1) thirty age and sex-matched non-obese children were included as the control group. Group (2) sixty healthy obese children aged 11–15 years. The case-control observational study was evaluated from December 2013 to December 2014 with informed consent. A careful history and physical examination included anthropometric measurements in all subjects. Body weight, height and waist circumference were measured, body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m) as an index of overall adiposity. Children with BMI over their age- and sex-specific 95th percentile values were defined as obese children, and those with BMI <85 percentiles were considered non-obese . Joint site model was used in order to account for correlations between musculoskeletal pain and weight, waist, BMI, leptin an Visfatin level within obese children and non obese children.
Results: The obese children showed higher significant difference in fasting blood glucose, TG, LDL-C, T.C, diastolic and systolic blood pressure and they had lower HDL-C compared with non obese children. The study showed that no significant correlations between anthropometric indices (weight, height, BMI, and waist circumference), age ,systolic and diastolic blood pressure with visfatin in the obese group . There was no significant correlations were found between leptin, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C with visfatin in the obese group , however positive correlation was found between visfatin and Triglycerides . There was no significant correlations between anthropometric indices , systolic, diastolic blood pressure and age with leptin in the obese group . There was no significant correlations were found between FBS, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C with leptin in the obese group Significant correlations of hip pain, knee pain, feet pain and back pain with weight, waist and BMI were found .
Conclusion: Obesity has a significant impact on the health and well-being of these children and may contribute to ongoing health problems such as musculoskeletal pain and bone/joint dysfunction in later life.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
153
164
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64502_3475f047f916ba64f3595d5f2c46fd9a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018609
THE POTENTIAL PROTECTIVE AND CURATIVE EFFECTS OF ERYTHROPOIETIN ON DIABETIC MALE RATS
Monira
M. Khalaf
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
author
Azizza
Khaliel
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
author
Basma
K. Ramadan
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
author
Amira
Negm
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
author
Bahaa
Ghannam
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone member of the type 1 cytokine super family that is produced by renal cortical and outer medullary type 1 fibroblasts in response to tissue hypoxia. It has a hematopoietic function, but recent studies have shown that EPO has several non hematopoietic functions. EPO limits the destructive potential of tumor necrosis factor α and other proinflammatory cytokines in different tissues. Objective: Studying the possible protective and curative effects of EPO on diabetes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Material and methods: Fifty adult male albino rats of local strain between 7-8 weeks old and weighing 140-160 g were used. The rats were divided into 5 equal groups. Group I (control group), Group II (erythropoietin- treated group), Group III (diabetic group), Group IV (EPO- pretreated diabetic group), and group V (EPO-treated diabetic group). The body weight, food consumption, blood glucose level, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined for all groups. Results: Blood glucose level, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) decreased in EPO-pretreated and treated diabetic groups when compared to the diabetic rats. These results were confirmed by the histopathological study which showed marked improvement of the destructive effect on pancreatic islet cells induced by alloxan especially when EPO treatment was given after two weeks of alloxan injection. Conclusion: EPO is a general tissue protective cytokine. It acts on glucose metabolism and increasing β cell mass. Thus, promotion of EPO signaling in β cells may be a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes prevention and treatment.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
165
178
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64504_516416b8140368011ab34b10adbb99dc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018610
EFFECTS OF C -PEPTIDE AND GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 ON DIABETIC MALE ALBINO RATS WITH AND WITHOUT ANTIOXIDANTS
Mohammad
Mohammad El-Shawwa
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculties of Medicine
author
Saad
Kamal Taha
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculties of Medicine
author
Hamed
Mohamed Osman
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculties of Medicine
author
Gehan
Ahmed Youssef
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculties of Medicine
author
Ahmed
Taymour Mahmoud
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculties of Medicine
author
Gamal
Ahmed Shawer
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculties of Medicine
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with long-term complications responsible for its mortality and morbidity. Administration of C-peptide improves nervous and renal functions in diabetic patients and animals. Glucagon like peptide-1 is secreted in response to meal. It is able to increase the disposal of glucose under hyperglycemic conditions independent of its effect on insulin or glucagon. An interesting analog is exendin-4.
Objective: Determination of the effects of C-peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue exendin-4 with and without antioxidants on blood and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, lipid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) in diabetic model of adult male albino rats.
Material and Methods: Seventy adult male albino rats of local strain weighed 150-180 g were used in this study. They were divided into seven equal groups: Control group (C): Rats received saline i.p. daily for 4 weeks, Diabetes group (D1): After overnight fasting, rats received a single subcutaneous injection of alloxan monohydrate with glucose by gastric intubation to avoid fatal hypoglycemia, Diabetes with C-peptide (D2) were given alloxan and C-peptide by intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks, Diabetes with exendin-4 (D3) were given alloxan and glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1) analog exendin-4 i.p. for 4 weeks, Diabetes with C–peptide and exendin-4 (D4) were given combined intraperitoneal injection of C-peptide and exendin-4 with alloxan for 4 weeks, Diabetes with antioxidants (vitamins C & E) (D5) received alloxan, vitamin C and vitamin E by gastric intubation for 4 weeks, Diabetes with C–peptide, exendin-4 and antioxidants (vitamins C & E) (D6) received combined C-peptide, exendin-4 and vitamins C and E in by gastric intubation with alloxan for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken from all groups. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma glucagon, plasma lipid profile, and plasma level of malondialdehyde (MDA) with their relationships to C–peptide and exendin-4 (D4) treatment with and without antioxidants (vitamins C & E) supplementation were investigated.
Results: Treatment of diabetic rats by C-peptide and exendin-4 caused significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, MDA and glucose with elevated insulin and HDL. Treatment of diabetic rats by C-peptide and exendin-4 with antioxidants (vitamins C & E) showed reduction of glucose, cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides with significantly elevated insulin in comparison to diabetic group.
Conclusion: Adding C–peptide to exendin-4 caused significant reduction in total triglycerides, cholesterol, and more reduction of LDL than exendin-4 group. Vitamins C & E improved serum lipid profile and level of MDA as an oxidative stress indicator.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
179
190
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64507_ea6659c219e4d91da0e882da58215304.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018611
ROLE OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN ASSESSMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION SECONDARY TO CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Talaat
A Arafa
Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar University
author
Ezzat
A.A. Rizk
Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar University
author
Abdelmonem
El-Shabrawi
Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar University
author
Khaled
I Naguib
Cardiology Departments, Faculty of Medicine (Damietta), Al-Azhar University
author
Kamel
A Hassan
Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar University
author
Mohammed
M M El-Sheikh
Chest Department, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar University
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Echocardiography is readily available noninvasive technique that can be used to asses pulmonary artery pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Objective: Evaluation of the role of echocardiography in diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in COPD patients in different stages of severity, stable condition and in exacerbation.
Patients and methods: This study included 80 patients with COPD admitted in chest department of Al-Azhar University Hospital (Damietta), during the period from June 2011 to June 2013. Patients were divided into four equal groups. The first group included those with stable COPD; the second group included patients with COPD exacerbation; the third group included cigarette smokers without manifestations of COPD; and the fourth group included healthy non-smokers. All subjects of the present work were exposed to full history taking, detailed clinical examination and laboratory investigations (arterial blood gases, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, pulmonary function tests, spirometry (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/ FVC%) and Doppler echocardiography.
Results: No significant difference between groups as regard to age, while there was significant increase of smoking in COPD cases when compared to healthy controls. There were significant increase of smoking in both groups A and B when compared to group C. In addition, there were significant increase of peak tricuspid jet velocity; intermediate tricuspid jet velocity and right atrium pressure in group B and group (A) when compared to group C and group D. Similarly, there were significant increase of calculated pulmonary arterial pressure in groups B and A when compared to groups C and D. The overall prevalence of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in COPD cases was 65.0% with significant increase of both prevalence and severity of PAP in group B when compared to group A. There were significant, inverse correlations between pulmonary artery pressure on one side and both SaO2, PaO2, and FEV1/FVC the other side. On the other hand, there was significant positive correlations between PAP from one side, and PaCO2, hemoglobin concentration, WBCs, peak intermediate tricuspid jet velocity and right atrium pressure on the other side.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed an association of pulmonary hypertension in 65% of COPD cases, and this reflected impact of clinical, physiologic and pathologic changes of the disease on PAP. It is advisable to screen all COPD patients for pulmonary hypertension (PH) using ECHO and to control pulmonary artery pressure in those cases as a line of treatment of COPD itself.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
191
200
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64607_7320b0cb96f9e861df55e94aa0d30771.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018612
EFFECT OF OZONE THERAPY ON ISCHEMIC REPERFUSION INJURY OF THE HEART AND VASCULAR REACTIVITY IN ADULT MALE DIABETIC ALBINO RAT
Adel
Shalaby
Medical Physiology Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Safaa
Mohamad El-Kotb Saleh
Departments of Medical Physiology, Menoufiya Faculties of Medicine
author
Sally
Said Donia
Departments of Medical Physiology, Menoufiya Faculties of Medicine
author
Essam
Omar Ibraheim
Departments of Medical Physiology, Menoufiya Faculties of Medicine
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Ozone therapy is a form of complementary medicine treatment that aims to increase the amount of oxygen to the body through the introduction of ozone into the body. Objective: Studying the effects of diabetes mellitus, insulin and ozone on ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury on the heart and vascular reactivity in diabetic rat. Material and Methods: Two hundred and fifty adult male albino rats of local strain, weighing 120-150 ±10 grams each, were used in this investigation and divided into:
Group I (Normal control group): 10 rats. Group II (Diabetic group -240 rats) were subdivided into 4 subgroups: Group II-a (Diabetic non-treated group - 40 rats), Group II-b (Diabetic insulin-treated group - 40 rats, and Group II-c (Diabetic ozone-treated group - 80 rats Group II-d (Diabetic ozone and insulin-treated group - 80 rats): Rats were submitted to ozone therapy with concomitant treatment with insulin. Supernatant serum was collected in a dry clean tube for estimation of fasting serum glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, LDH, catalase enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, and SOD. Rat aortic rings preparation were used for estimation of changes in vascular reactivity in response to norepinephrine (10-5), vasopressin (10-6 M), indomethacin (10-6 M) and relaxation of aortic rings (preconstricted by NE (10-5) in response to ACh (10-6) and Na+ nitroprusside (10-6) as estimated in different groups. The organ bath was washed out three times with fresh Krebs' solution before the next substance was added and the rings were allowed to stabilize for 1 hour. All results were presented as the mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using SPSS program version 12. For comparison of statistical significance between different groups, a one way ANOVA with the post hoc of Tukey's multiple comparison test was used. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Ozone therapy caused significant decrease in fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and lactate dehydrogenase “LDH”, and significant increase in HDL and myocardial antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase “SOD” and glutathione peroxidase). There were a significant increase in cardiac contractility and heart rate during pre-ischemic and ischemic periods. There was a significant decrease in heart rate accompanied by significant increase in cardiac contractility during reperfusion period. Also, ozone treatment produced a significant decrease in vascular reactivity of aortic rings to norepinephrine, vasopressin and indomethacin, with significant increase in percentage of relaxation to acetyl choline “ACh”. Conclusion: Diabetic complications are attributed to the oxidative stress in the body. Ozone activates the antioxidant system affecting the level of glycemia. Ozone prevents oxidative stress by normalizing the organic peroxide levels by activating superoxide dismutase.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
201
224
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64609_e7d9ab8968f9a144c280b7292112dba9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018613
EFFECTS OF CROWDING AND LONELINESS ON LIVER FUNCTIONS IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS
Mohamed
Zakareya Al-Etreby
Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
author
Shebl
Ramadan Samaha
Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
author
Ashraf
Mohamed Mohamed
Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
author
Ahmed
Shaaban Abdel-Monsef
Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Crowding is one of the most popular stressors in experimental medicine since it could be regulated easily. Social isolation and lack of social support have deleterious effects on health. These are regarded as one of the most relevant causes of human diseases.
Objective: Evaluation of the possible effects of either crowding and loneliness on liver functions in adult male albino rats.
Material and methods: Fifty four adult local strain male albino rats were chosen as a model for the present work. They were divided into equal three groups;control group, crowded group and reduced space group. Animal behavior was observed, and blood samples were obtained for determination of blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total serum protein, serum albumin and globulin. Liver samples were obtained for histopathological study. Results: Crowding or loneliness led to different homeostatic changes including disturbed liver functions, glucose metabolism, lipid profile and altered behavior in addition to marked cellular changes on histopathological examination.
Conclusion: Housing conditions affected behavioral and biological responses of animalsand could be considered risk factors for certain diseases as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and liver injury. Further studies are required to demonstrate how chronic stress can exert a facilitative effect on inflammatory response and even increases the risk of developing pathological effects.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
225
236
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64611_f66770008947285cbc68acdda17dedc6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018614
EFFECT OF RED HIBISCUS AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS
Ali
Mohamed El- Hady
Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Nageh
Mabrouk Gabr
Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Ali Abbas
Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a growing metabolic disorder at a fast rate throughout the world, and it is the 16th leading cause of global mortality. The significant anti-dyslipidemic effect of red Hibiscus extract may be safe and better alternative available over other agents in diabetic-associated dyslipidemia.
Objective: Demonstrating the antioxidant property of Hibiscus in the role of reduction of blood glucose level.
Material and Methods: Sixty adult male albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into six equal groups, i.e. control, alloxan-treated, hot red Hibiscus extract- treated cold red Hibiscus extract-treated, alloxan-treated plus hot red Hibiscus extract- treated and alloxan-treated plus cold red Hibiscus extract-treated groups. Blood samples were obtained for determination of serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL- cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol as well as histopathological changes of the pancreas.
Results: Treatment with red Hibiscus (hot and cold) extract was found to be effective in ameliorating lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin levels.
Conclusion: The hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of red Hibiscus were valuable in treatment of diabetes mellitus, and great consideration should be taken toward the use of Hibiscus as a complementary therapy beside ordinary anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic drugs.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
237
246
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64612_9fc641624ce1d1f894e1acbd31e8c281.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018615
INTRATHECAL LOW DOSE OF HEAVY BUPIVACAINE WITH DEXMEDETOMIDINE FOR CESAREAN SECTION
Abdelazim
Hegazy
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
author
Saad
Eldeen Elkhateeb
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
author
Ahmed
Zedan
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
author
Ismail
Abdelgawad
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Different adjuvants have been used with local anesthetics to improve quality of regional anesthesia (sub-arachnoid, epidural or combined sub-arachnoid and epidural block) and to avoid intra-operative visceral and somatic pain and to provide prolonged post-operative analgesia. Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist which has both analgesic and sedative properties when used as an adjuvant in regional anesthesia.
Objective: Evaluation of the effect of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine plus dexmedetomidine on the onset and duration of sensory and motor block, intra-operative hemodynamic stability (changes), surgeon's satisfaction, intraoperative adverse effects and postoperative analgesia. Patients and method: Sixty females in childbearing period (22-40 years old), ASA physical status I scheduled for elective cesarean section. Patients were randomly allocated to receive intrathecal either 12.5 mg of (0.5%) heavy bupivacaine [B control group], or 7.5mg of (0.5%) heavy bupivacaine plus 8 ug dexmedetomidine [BD study group]. Results: Patients in BD group had a significantly rapid onset and longer duration of sensory and motor block than control B group. Onset of postoperative pain significantly delayed in BD group. Moreover, abdominal muscle relaxation was excellent clinically, with marked reduction in side effects as nausea, vomiting, hypotension and bradycardia compared with control B group. No side effects were recorded on babies as regard the neonatal assessment in both groups. Conclusion: The low dose of intrathecal anesthetic agent (Bupivacaine 7.5 mg) with 8 ug Dexmedetomidine had a significantly rapid onset and associated with prolonged motor and sensory block, hemodynamic stability and decreased postoperative analgesic consumption compared with (Bupivacaine 12.5 mg) alone.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
247
254
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64614_c4e9c7fa8300f7389e329f2f510cc36e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018616
EFFECT OF HGV ON PATIENTS CO-INFECTED WITH HIV
Naziha
Mohamed Hassanein
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Fouad
Fouad Abd -Elaal
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Hend
Mohamed Khater
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Omar
Alfarouk Rabeea
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Amal
Hanafy Mansy
International Medical Center Hospital, Shubra, Cairo, Egypt.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: GB virus C (HGV) is classified as pegivirus of the family flaviviridae. It is a positive sense single stranded RNA virus. Due to the shared transmission modes with HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), co-infection with HGV, are common among people infected with HIV, HBV and/or HCV.
Objective: Determination of the incidence of HGV in chronic liver diseases in frequent blood donors and hemodialysis patients with or without HIV infection and influence of HGV on the course of HIV infection.
Materials and methods: In the present study, 60 patients were divided into 2 equal groups as frequent blood donors group and hemodialysis group. They were mainly between 40 - 60 years old. 10% were females and 90% were males in blood donors group. 26.7% were females and 73.3 % were males in hemodialysis group. They were suffering from chronic liver diseases. They were investigated to study the incidence of HGV in chronic liver diseases with or without HIV infection and influence of HGV on the course of HIV infection. This was in addition to 20 persons who were not exposed to major risk factors of hepatitis as a control group. All members of the study were subjected to complete history and clinical examination as well as laboratory investigations for estimation of CD4 cells count, HBsAg by ELISA, HCV Ab by ELISA, HIV Ab by ELISA and HGV RNA using RT-PCR. Tests of liver functions included serum bilirubin (total and direct), ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total proteins, and albumin.
Results: Liver biochemical profile showed a significant relations with CD4 cells count where CD4 cells count decreased by increasing of ALT(SGPT), AST (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin and increased by increasing serum albumin. Regarding the CD4 cells count and PCR for HGV, patients with HGV have a significant higher CD4 cells count than patients without HGV. Patients with both HIV and HGV have a significant higher CD4 cells count than patients with HIV without HGV. Results indicated that, out of 30 patients of frequent blood donors (BD) group, 28 (93.3%) were negative for HIV, and 2 (6.7%) were positive for HIV. Concerning hemodialysis group (HD), out of 30 patients, 26 (86.7%) were negative for HIV, and 4 (13.3%) were positive for HIV. In case of blood donors group, out of 30 patients, 26 (86.7%) were negative for HGV, and 4 (13.3%) were positive for HGV. Out of 30 patients of hemodialysis group, 26 (86.7%) were negative for HGV, and 4 (13.3%) were positive for HGV.
Conclusions: HGV infection has a moderate frequency among hepatichemodialysis and frequent blood donors. HIV co-infection with HGV was associated with significantly high CD4 cell count suggesting a beneficial effect of HGV infection on HIV co-infected patients.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
255
268
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64615_bc5974d1ee631b1a3b92fc1f1fac8bf4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018617
SERUM T3 LEVEL AND ITS RELATION TO CHRONIC HAPATITIS C VIRUS IN DIABETIC VERSUS NON DIABITIC PATIENTS
Mohammed
M Hashim
International Medical Center Hospital, Shubra, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Tarek
M Emran
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Fahmy
A Abd El-Aziz
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Thyroid gland disorders represent one of the commonest endocrine manifestations of chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Objective: This study was performed to evaluate thyroid hormones profile in patients with chronic hepatitis C and its relation to severity of liver damage in the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. Patients and methods: This study was performed on sixty patients with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus with or without diabetes mellitus. The patients were divided into three equal groups according to Child-Pough score as following: Group A, group B and group C. All patients were subjected to medical history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations including liver functions tests, renal function tests, complete blood picture (CBC), viral markers for hepatitis, hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab) and hepatitis B virus antigen (HBs-Ag), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar(PPBS) hemoglobin A1 C (HbA1c), tetra-iodothyronin (T4), tri-iodothyronin( FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and abdominal ultrasound. Results: Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood platelet and FT3 were significantly lower in group C than group B and group A, while serum levels of bilirubin andprothrombin time(PT) were significantly higher in group C than B and A. Serum levels of FT3 was positively correlated with serum albumin and negatively correlated with serum bilirubin and PT. There were no significant changes in the serum levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. On the other hand, serum levels of ALT, AST, and albumin significantly elevated in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients. Conclusions: A highly significant reduction of serum FT3 in liver cirrhosis with normal serum FT4 and TSH levels was attributive to decreased deiodination of T4 to T3. Decreased serum FT3 level correlated with the severity of liver disease, and may be helpful in assessing the course and diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Also, serum FT3 hormone level could be used as a marker for grading and assessment of the severity of hepatic dysfunctions.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
44
v.
3
no.
2015
269
278
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_64617_91cc28aabe9aa37394b26c1bcc64522d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018618