The Journey from Quality to Accreditation: What is after?
Moustafa
Abdelnasser
Director of Quality Assurance Unit of Education, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
author
text
article
2018
eng
In 1977, the Medical Education Unit (MEU) has been founded in the Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University with its main goal to reform medical education. Since its foundation, several short (2-3 days) courses were held in teaching and assessment. In 2001, the philosophy of MEU has been shifted from short courses to long training courses (2 weeks) in the field of teaching, assessment and research. The aim and objectives were to prepare the university teacher for his new career after awarding the doctorate degree, and before assignment as a staff member. In 2005, the Educational Quality Assurance (EQAU) had been founded. Since then, several attempts were carried out to write a self study and to develop s strategic plan. In 2016, a new self study and strategic plan (July 2016-June 2021) were formulated. The vision and mission reflected the role of our Faculty in achieving distinction in medical education, scientific research, and community service, within a moderate Islamic culture. The Faculty has been accredited in April 2017 by the National Authority of Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Education (NAQAAE) in Egypt. Moreover, in July 2017, a team from the Association of African Universities and some other experts from Africa and Europe also visited our Faculty. The major standards measured were program planning and management, curriculum development, teaching and learning and assessment and program results. Rating score was 15.43/5=3.09 which meant Good Quality. The team recommended further quality improvement based on systemic and systematic approaches to strengthen the unique role in higher education and research nationally and internationally. In September 2017, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine adopted the idea of integrated medical education. Moreover, in October, 2017, a scientific committee was formulated from the Al-Azhar Faculties of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy in order to make unified research plan for the medical sector. In conclusion, since the foundation of Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, it strives towards quality. More work is needed not only to keep the Faculty accredited, but also to improve and enhance quality, in addition to international accreditation and recognition.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
1
6
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54870_02f42cf1992258ea0614157b1b787c73.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052245
TH1 VERSUS TH17 IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Mohammed
Saaed El-Shorbagy
Clinical Pathology Department, Al Azhar University
author
Salama
Saad Abd El-Latif
Clinical Pathology Department, Al Azhar University
author
Runia
Fouad El-Folly
Tropical Medicine Department, Ain Shams University
author
Rasha
Reda Zaater
Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams University
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease affecting close to 170 million people worldwide. Egypt Demographic Health Surveys (EDHS) measured antibody prevalence among adult population aged 15-59 years at 14.7% in 2009 and at 10.0% in 2015. Approximately, 85% of patients acutely infected with HCV progress to chronic liver disease with persistence of HCV RNA for more than 6 months. Among patients with chronic HCV infection, 15-20% progress to end-stage liver disease and approximately 14% of these patients progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma with time. With hepatitis C, being a national care problem, predicting the outcome of treatment in these patients becomes very important.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and predict the response in hepatitis C virus patients to pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin therapy in association with estimation of the percentage of TH1 and TH17 by flowcytometry.
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 50 patients with proven chronic hepatitis C virus infection based on by PCR technique and histopathology (25 responders and 25 non-responders). All of them were treated by combined pegylated interferon alfa plus ribavirin orally. Patients with history of previous interferon therapy, evidence of other systemic illness including: (hepatic, renal, cardiac, diabetic and neoplastic disease), chronic inflammatory disease, unstable thyroid dysfunction, unstable psychiatric disorder or history of any organ transplantation were excluded. All patients were F2or F3 on fibroscan. By flowcytometry, human CD4 percentage was estimated by using fluorescein-conjugated antibody. Human TH17 percentage was estimated by using PerCP-conjugated antibody, and TH1 was estimated by phycoerythron conjugated antibody. Both TH1 and TH17 were performed at weeks 0 and retested again after 12 weeks.
Results: After 12 weeks from starting of therapy, there was an increase in percentage of TH1 in non-responders of therapy compared to responders with no difference in the percentage of TH17 between the two groups.
Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between TH1 and TH17 in both groups before and after therapy. Also, we found that 98% of patients achieved sustained virological response 12 weeks after completion of therapy (SVR12) showed sustained virological response 24 weeks after completion of therapy (SVR24).
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
171
182
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54878_997d453202ca5251790df09bdceeefbe.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052246
The Validity Of Lever Sign Test For The Diagnosis Of ACL Injury
Almohamady
Algharib Saeed
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Abdelaziz Hassan
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt
author
Emad
Mohamed Zayed
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Abdelhamid Assy
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently seen ligamentous injury of the knee joint. Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination and MRI findings and a definitive diagnosis is confirmed with arthroscopy. Many tests are used for diagnosis of ACL with different sensitivity and specificity.
Objectives: To evaluate lever sign test as a diagnostic tool for ACL injury compared the other 3 tests (anterior drawer, Lachman, and pivot shift test) when performed before anesthesia and under anesthesia.
Patients and Methods: The study included 100 patients in the age of 18 to 45 years complaining of knee instability and confirmed as ACL injury by MRI. The 4 special tests for ACL (the Lachman, the anterior drawer, the pivot shift test and the lever sign test) were performed on the injured knee and the contralateral non-injured knee as a control both preanesthesia and under anesthesia. The results were compared to the arthroscopic findings.
Results: Lever sign test sensitivity is 72% on examination before anesthesia and 80% on examination under anesthesia with specificity 92%. The most sensitive test Preanesthesia was the Lachman test 88% and postanesthesia was the pivot shift test 89%. The most specefic test was highest for the pivot-shift test 100%.
Conclusion: Lever sign test is a simple test which can be routinely used in evaluation of ACL function in both acute and chronic knee injury. The test is weak diagnostic tool in partial ACL injury as it uses pure translational displacement as its assessment method and does not assess the rotational component.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
183
194
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54913_3db2ab8fa8284ffc9ae1dc8132cbd972.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052247
ANTIGLIDE PLATING IN D ISTAL FIBU LAR FRACTURE FIXATION IN OSTEOPOROTIC PATIENT
HUSSEIN
ABD- ALZAHER ABUELGHATT
Orthopedics Surgery Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
HESHAM
MOHMED SAFWAT
Orthopedics Surgery Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Khaled
Abd-Elwahab Marzouki Ebeid
Orthopedics Surgery Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Oblique spiral fractures of the distal third of the fibula are commonly encountered in any orthopedics practice. Controversy persists over various fixation methods, and their corresponding risks and benefits. Posterior antiglide plates have been introduced as a method of fixation for the distal part of the fibula.
Objectives: The present study was targeting at the evaluation of radiographic and functional outcome after antiglide plating of distal fibular fracture in osteoportic patient. Functional results were assessed with Weber score system.
Patients and Methods: A prospective study was on 15 patients with distal fibula fracture treated with ORIF.
Results: Posterior plating report increased biomechanical strength, less lateral skin irritation, infrequent need for hardware removal, and ability to use bicortical fixation in the distal fragment.
Conclusion: There was an insufficient evidence to support either posterior or lateral fibular plating as a gold standard. Choice of approach and surgical technique should be individually based on fracture pattern, patient characteristics and surgeon experience.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
195
204
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54938_4c67af5a1b6ddb0d9302a7507ba6d108.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052248
OUTCOME OF FECAL CONTINENCE AFTER PURE TRANS-ANAL PULL THROUGH VERSUS LAPAROSCOPIC ASSISTED IN MANAGEMENT OF HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE
HUSSEIN
ABD ALZAHER ABUELGHATT
Orthopedics Surgery Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
HESHAM
MOHMED SAFWAT
Orthopedics Surgery Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Khaled
Abd Elwahab Marzouki Ebeid
Orthopedics Surgery Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Several operative techniques have been developed for the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in the past decades. One-stage trans-anal pull-through (TAPT) was first performed in 1998. Objectives: To evaluate fecal continence after laparoscopicassisted and trans-anal endo-rectal pull-through (TERPT) for recto-sigmoid Hirschsprung's disease (HSD). Patients and Methods: This prospective study was performed on 40 pediatric patients with Hirschsprung’s disease from July 2013 to July 2016 at Al-Azhar University Hospitals. The patients were divided into two equal groups: group (A) underwent laparoscopic assisted trans-anal endo-rectal pull-through, and group (B) underwent pure trans-anal endo-rectal pull-through (TERPT). Demographic, clinical data, preoperative investigations, operative records, postoperative outcome were studied. A continence evaluation questionnaire (CEQ, max score = 10) assessing frequency of motions, severity of staining, severity of perianal erosions, anal shape, and requirement for medications was used. Severity of staining was graded as none = 2, occasional = 1.5, often = 1, and always =0. Electromyogram (EMG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were also used in follow-up. Results: After one year of follow up , group A, continence score was normal in 10 (50%), good in 9 (45 %), and fair in 1 (5%); while group B, continence score was normal in 5 (25 %), good in 14 (70%), and fair in 1 (5%). However, staining/soiling in group A was present in 2(occasional staining); while group B, staining/soiling was present in 2(occasional staining). Statistically significant difference was found between groups according to continence score after 1month and 6 months, but no statistical significance clinically after 12 months. Conclusion: Laparoscopically assisted trans-anal endo-rectal pull through was less invasive and can provide a better clinical outcome compared with trans-anal endo-rectal pull through as regard fecal continence and stooling function.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
205
220
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54915_852b8c13bdedd70aee0e9784c7ee9072.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052249
A POSSIBLE CARDIO-PROTECTIVE ROLE OF EARLY REMOTE ISCHEMIA PRECONDITIONING AGAINST ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN ISOLATED HEARTS OF ADULT ALBINO RATS: POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR
Asmaa
T. Ebrahim
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
author
Bataa
Mohamed EL Kafoury
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
author
Manal
S. Abd-El Hamid
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
author
Rania
Salah Mansour
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: In spite of the claimed cardio-protective effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), it is invasive and so using remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may offer an alternative. Meanwhile, RIPC cardio protective role is controversial, with an equivocal underlying mechanism. The hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1-alpha) which is increased following ischemic insults is claimed as a humoral mediator for RIPC.
Objectives: To investigate the effect of remote ischemic pre-conditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, and to elucidate the possible role of hypoxia inducible factor in this protection.
Patients and Methods: The present study was performed on 28 adult female albino rats in the same estrus cycle evaluated by vaginal smear, and they were allocated into 3 groups: Group I: control rats subjected to ischemic /reperfusion injury (I/R) only, group II: early RIPC rats (RIPC 2 hours prior to I/R), group III: acriflavine-treated early RIPC rats. Acriflavine is a drug that binds directly to HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha subunits, thus inhibiting its dimerization and transcriptional activity, and it was injected IP 10 days prior to RIPC. On sacrifice day, ECG was recorded and isolated heart studies were performed. Later, cardiac chambers weight, serum HIF-1-alpha, myocardial perfusate lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiac oxidative markers: Malonaldehyde and glutathione perioxidase were measured.
Results: Compared to the control group, the early RIPC group showed significant increase in the heart rate (HR), QTc interval in the ECG recording, glutathione peroxidase and the HIF 1α levels together with reduction in the percent of decrease in PT and PT/LV, in the percent of prolongation in time to peak tension (TPT), perfusate lactate dehydrogenase and MDA levels, while no significant changes were recorded in the heart chronotropic activity, in the percent of half relaxation time (HRT) prolongation, or in the percent of decrease of MFR. Following acriflavine treatment, the effects of RIPC were abolished highlighting the role of HIF-1-alpha in mediating RIPC protective effects.
Conclusion: The non-invasive and non-pharmological remote ischemic preconditioning technique can ameliorate the cardiac ischemic reperfusion injury with an obvious role of HIF-1α in mediating these protective effects.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
221
240
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54916_fdbfec3babcc67806b2a1db85ad67b1e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052250
OUTCOME OF ERADICATION OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION WITH DIRECT ACTING ANTIVIRAL AGENTS ON BLOOD SUGAR CONTROL AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Arafat
Kassem
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University
author
Mabrouk
Mahmoud Aboelenin
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University
author
Mohamed
Abdelhamid Khedr
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered to increase the possibility of incidental type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) in prone subjects, independent to the stage of liver disease. The approaches through which HCV infection initiates T2DM include direct effects of HCV, insulin resistance, proinflammatory cytokines and other immune-mediated mechanisms.
Objectives: Assessing the outcome of direct acting antiviral drugs for therapy of chronic HCV infection on insulin resistance and blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on 270 type 2 DM patients with genotype 4 chronic HCV. 240 patients were exposed to direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in the form of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin for 12 weeks, while the residual 30 patients did not give DAAs and used as a control group. Patients who attained the sustained virologic response (SVR) 12 weeks after DAAs (226 patients, 94.2%) were categorized into three groups based on the end-point of blood sugar control, i.e. the achieved blood sugar control group with chronic hepatitis (group A) which composed of 83 patients (36.7%), the achieved blood sugar control group with liver cirrhosis child A (group B) which comprised 76 patients (33.6%), and the non-achieved blood sugar control group with liver cirrhosis child B (group C) which included 67 patients (29.6 %).
Results: In group A, 30 patients (36.1%), and group B, 25 patients (32.1%) required to decrease the dose of antidiabetic therapy. There were no statistically significant variations between our groups as regard to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Patients in group C (Liver cirrhosis Child-Pugh classification B with non-achieved blood sugar control) have positive family history of type 2 DM and prolonged duration of DM if compared to group A, and group B.
Conclusion: In type 2 diabetic patients with chronic HCV, the usage of direct acting antiviral agents led to a substantial improvement in blood sugar control and should be closely observed for antidiabetic dosage reduction to halt hypoglycemic events. Eradication of HCV ameliorates insulin resistance as demonstrated by a reduction of plasma insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR. Achievement of diabetic control in HCV patients treated with direct acting antiviral agents was of great value, especially in patients with mild liver disease (Child-Pugh class A), short duration of diabetes, and negative family history of T2DM, but was not correlated to body mass index, age, and sex.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
241
256
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54920_ec2b3fb301c43ccc447317d150bc6fa0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052251
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ASCITIC FLUID AND SERUM LEVELS OF CALPROTECTIN, PROCALCITONIN AND ENDOCAN IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PREDICTION OF SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS
Arafat
Kassem
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Hosam
Aldeen Salah Shabana
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Mabrouk
Mahmoud Aboelenin
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Hossam
E. Salah
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious, recurrent, and life-threatening condition developing in cirrhotic patients with a high mortality rate. Its diagnosis is based on ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to be more than 250/μL.
Objectives: polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to be more than 250/μL. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the ascitic fluid and serum levels of calprotectin, procalcitonin (PCT) and endocan as appropriate markers for predicting and diagnosing SBP.
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 90 patients with liver cirrhosis: 35 with decompensated cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 35 with decompensated cirrhosis without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and 20 with compensated cirrhosis with no ascites. We evaluate the correlations of calprotectin, procalcitonin and endocan with indicators of infection and inflammation associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhotic patients. Ascitic fluid and serum levels of Calprotectin, procalcitonin, endocan, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, serum CRP, and blood leukocytes were analyzed. The control group (n = 30) composed of healthy blood donors with normal aminotransferase levels, normal complete blood counts and negative markers for viral hepatitis and HIV.
Results: Ascitic fluid and serum levels of Calprotectin, procalcitonin, endocan, and PMNs, serum CRP and blood leukocytes were statistically elevated in cirrhotic patients with SBP than the control group and cirrhotic patients without SBP. There were statistically significant correlations between the existence of SBP with serum calprotectin (r = 0.512), serum procalcitonin (r= 0.370), serum endocan (r = 0.501), ascitic calprotectin (r = 508), ascitic procalcitonin (r = 0.501), ascitic endocan (r = 0.496), ascitic PMNs (r = 0.562), and CRP (r = 0.492), for all P < 0.001. The diagnostic accuracies of calprotectin, endocan, procalcitonin, and PMNs were elevated in progressive disease stage. Ascitic PMNs ≥ 250/mm³ had a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 94.7%, Serum calprotectin levels ≥ 45 µg/ml had a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 94%, ascitic calprotectin levels ≥ 0.95 µg/ml had a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 89.2%, serum endocan levels ≥ 2.03 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 83.7%, ascitic procalcitonin levels ≥0.33ng/ml had a sensitivity of 89.9% and specificity of 83.3%, ascitic endocan levels ≥ 0.65 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 78.5%, and lastly serum procalcitonin levels ≥2.50 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 87.9% and specificity of 76.8% for the diagnosis of SBP in decompensated cirrhotic patients.
Conclusion: Ascitic fluid PMNs, serum calprotectin, ascitic calprotectin,serum endocan, ascitic procalcitonin, and serum procalcitonin, could be useful as powerful diagnostic markers to assess the progression of liver disease and early prediction of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
257
270
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54924_ecbba098df7973267f3c980ac7163d10.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052252
HYDROXY VITAMIN D STATUS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Mohammad
Kamal Abdelbaky
Internal Medicine Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Gamal
Ali Badr
Internal Medicine Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Mohammad
Saed Alshorbagy
Internal Medicine Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Mohammad
Qadry Mohammd Basiony
Internal Medicine Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: The concurrent global epidemics of type-2 DM and vitamin D deficiency raise the question whether vitamin D deficiency should be included among the risk factors for DM. Evidence is accumulating on the possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Objectives: assessing 25-hydroxy vit D level in type-2 diabetes mellitus and correlating it with insulin resistance and other parameters.
Patients and Methods: This study had been carried out in the diabetes clinic of Internal Medicine Department and laboratory part was done in Clinical Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University during the period from January 2015 to October 2017.
This study included a total number of 60 adult subjects (above 18 years old), the subjects were divided into 2 groups:
Group (A): Forty diabetic patients (type 2 diabetes mellitus) and Group (B): twenty non diabetic persons.
Results: 25(OH)D level was lower in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic group with a significant difference.
Conclusion: 25(OH)D was low in diabetic patients denoting that vitamin D status has a role in maintaining glucose homeostasis.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
271
278
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54926_249f73b26b81d2020e2cc8311bfc5585.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052253
IMPACT OF WHEY PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATIONS ON FERTILITY PARAMETERS OF ADULT MALE GYM-GOERS
Ali
Ramadan Rabie
Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Ahmad
Kamel Seddeik Abdel-Hameed
Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Abul Fetouh
Khaled Abul Fetouh Mohammed
Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Zagazig Faculty of Medicine*
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Whey proteins are widely used by adult male gym-goers as a muscle-building supplement to improve their physical appearance.
Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the impact of this practice on fertility capacity.
Subjects and Methods: Forty adult male gym-goers, recruited during the period between August 2016 and April 2017, received whey protein supplementation (Gold Standard 100% WheyTM, 15 gram daily) during their gym training for 12 weeks. Body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, semen analysis and hormonal profile (FSH, LH, PRL, T and oestrogen) were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the study.
Results: A total of 33 participants completed the study. There were significant increases in mean BMI, mean lean body mass, and mean progressively motile sperms. Changes in semen volume, sperm count and hormonal levels were all non-significant.
Conclusion: Whey protein supplementations did not have any negative impact on fertility capacity. Further larger and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
279
284
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54928_07767a34ddf2e7a692657a7f02004a3a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052254
EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBLE CURATIVE EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA LINN OIL ON EXPERIMENTALLY ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY AND NEPHROTOXICITY IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS
Hamed
Mohammed Osman
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Saad
Mohammed Mohammed
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Sayed
Abd-El Reheim Sayed
Departments of Pathology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Ashraf
Abd El-Aty Emara
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: There is a great realization that the use of herbs has been considered for the treatment of human diseases such as heptotoxicity and nephrotoxicty since ancient times. Nigella sativa (NS) is one of the most important medicinal plants having strong antioxidant properties.
Objectives: Study the possible curative effect of Nigella sativa linn (NSL) oil on experimentally acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rats.
Materials and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats of local strain were chosen as an animal model for this study. They were divided into five equal groups: Negative control group, Positive control group, NsL oil group, Acetaminophen-treated group and Acetaminophen + NsL oil-treated group. Heptotoxicity and nephrotoxicty was induced by oral administration of acetaminophen. At the end of the experiment (24 days), blood samples were obtained for measuring of liver functions (ALT, AST and total bilirubin), kidney functions (serum creatinine and blood urea) and TNFα. Animals were sacrificed; livers and kidneys were obtained for histopathological examination, immunofluorescence analysis for Tansforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) and measurement of tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in both liver and kidney.
Results: Acetaminophen-treated group and Acetaminophen + NsL oil-treated group showed significant increases in ALT, AST, total bilirubin serum creatinine,urea, TNFα and tissue MDA in both liver and kidney compared to Negative control group and Positive control group. Acetaminophen+NsL oil-treated group, when compared to Acetaminophen-treated group, showed a significant decrease in all previous parameters. Histopathological examination revealed appearance of partial improvement and evidence of some regeneration of both liver and kidney tissues of Acetaminophen + NsL oil-treated group in comparison with Acetaminophen-treated group in addition to immunofluorescence staining of expression of TGFβ in hepatocytes was improved in Acetaminophen + NsL oil-treated compared to Acetaminophen treated group, but there was no difference in the immunofluorescence staining of kidney sections of the previous groups.
Conclusion: Nigella sativa linn oil has a curative role in regeneration of liver and kidney tissues in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
285
304
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54931_b61fb283732fd041680bb6fb808093e0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052255
EFFICACY OF SOFOSBUVIR, DACLAVIR AND RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT OF HCV INFECTION WITH DIFFERENT STAGES OF LIVER DISEASE
Magdy
A. ELDahshan
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University
author
Fathy
E. Abdel Razik
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University
author
Hala
M Abdel-Mageed
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University
author
Ayman
R. Abd El-Kader
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University
author
Tarek
Refaat
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University
author
Hassan
Ahmed Hassan Ghareeb
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Hepatitis c virus (HCV) is a serious worldwide problem which has a great impact on health status in the field of liver diseases with an estimation of 170 million people infected worldwide. HCV infection is gaining increasing attention as a global health problem, with approximately 3% of the world's population infected. Egypt reports the highest prevalence of HCV worldwide, ranging from 6% to more than 40% with an average of 13.8%. Today, many direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are available with encouraging results in terms of both virologic response and safety.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SVR (12-24 weeks) in Egyptian patients with different Child-Pough classification, the complications and its frequency during, and after treatment with combination of antiviral agents.
Patients and Methods: This study was performed at Internal Medicine Department, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt,. The study included 650 patients with chronic hepatitis C that were categorized into 3 groups according to Child-Pugh classification as follows: Group A: included 300 patients with Child-Pugh score of 5-6 points, Group B: included 300 patients with child-Pugh score of 7-9 points, and Group C: included 50 patients with Child-Pugh score of 10-15 points Patients enrolled in the study were prospectively evaluated as outpatients by the study staff after 4, 8, 12 weeks and at 12 and 24 weeks post- treatment.
Results: There was a statistically highly significant difference in PCR before treatment (100% +ve) and after treatment (100% -ve)at 1st mo,3rd mo, 6th mo in group A. There was a statistically highly significant difference in PCR before treatment (100% +ve) and after treatment -ve at 1st mo,3rd mo 6th mo (100%, 100%, 91.6% respectively) in group B; and there was a statistically highly significant difference in PCR before treatment (100% +ve) and after treatment –ve at 1st mo,3rd mo, 6th mo (100%, 82%, 54% respectively) in gourp C. Throughout the study, most of the patients were responders (95.1% achieved SVR12).
Conclusion: Use of SOF-DCV in patients with chronic HCV-G4 proved to be safe and associated with a high SVR12 rate, in patients with different stages of fibrosis.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
305
320
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54934_13d89fadc4fbc7581e7885325696a563.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052256
NAIL-FOLD EXCISION WITHOUT MATRICECTOMY FOR TREATMENT OF INGROWN TOE NAILS
Mohammad
Arafat Abdel-Maksoud
General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Ingrown toe nails are a painful condition occurs when one of the distal sides of nail plates causes pressure or actually punctures the periungual skin. A wide variety of treatment modalities are existed in the literature.
Objectives: Evaluation of the technique of lateral nail-fold excision without matricectomy in treatment of ingrown toenails.
Patients and Methods: The study was a prospective observational study carried on 83 patients; 57 males (68.7%) and 26 females (31.3%) with a mean age of 21.3±4.2 (range 13–41) years who presented with ingrown toe nails. All patients underwent lateral nail fold excision technique as a treatment of ingrown toe nails.
Results: Recurrence rate was 3.6%, postoperative erythema and swelling was 3.6%, and inflammatory exudate was 4.8%. Significant loss of sensation around the area of surgery was 2.4%, and 94% of patients were strongly satisfied with the procedure.
Conclusion: This technique was effective in treatment of ingrown toe nails with a low rate of recurrence, less pain, good cosmetic results, and high satisfaction rates.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
321
328
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_54935_febaa75f6f20f9299ab21cd00f0273b7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052257
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN NOREPINEPHRINE BOLUS AND NOREPINEPHRINE INFUSION IN PREVENTION OF POST-SPINAL HYPOTENSION IN CESAREAN SECTION
Mohamed
Abd Elgawad Abd Elhalim
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Osama
Allam Mandour
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Post-spinal hypotension in patients of cesarean section (CS) remains a common scenario in our practice with an incidence of hypotension is up to 71%. Norepinephrine is potent α adrenergic receptor and a weak β adrenergic agonist. It is suitable for maintaining blood pressure as phenylephrine and ephedrine in cesarean section.
Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the effects of prophylactic bolus norepinephrine and norepinephrine infusion on blood pressure during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.
Patients and Methods: Eighty patients of American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status (I-II), aged (20-40) years old and undergoing to elective cesarean section who randomly classified into 2 equal groups: Group (I) received prophylactic bolus norepinephrine (10 μg) and Group (II) received prophylactic norepinephrine infusion (0.05 μg/kg/min). Fixed rate infusion and bolus dose of norepinephrine started immediately after spinal anesthesia.
Results: There were significant differences between group I and group II as regards maternal hemodynamic variables which was needed multiple doses of noradrenalin in group II. There were no significant differences in the intraoperative nausea and vomiting between groups. There were no significant differences between group I and group II as regards the fetal outcome.
Conclusion: Prophylactic bolus of norepinephrine and prophylactic norepinephrine infusion were effective for maintaining blood pressure of spinal anesthesia in cesarean section, and safe on maternal and fetal status. Norepinephrine infusion was superior to the intermittent boluses.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
329
336
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55273_1f26f725a3688c96f9bc8fefaeee951b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052258
EFFECT OF CHRONIC IMMOBILIZATION STRESS ON KIDNEY FUNCTION IN RENAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION RAT MODEL
Noha
S. Sobhy
Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Ain Shams University
author
Mona
A. Ahmed
Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,Ain Shams University
author
Noha
N. Lasheen
Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,Ain Shams University
author
Mohamed
H. El Sayed
Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,Ain Shams University
author
Walaa
Baher
Departments of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a common and important cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), is considered a major socioeconomic health problem. Stress, a state of disrupted normal homeostasis is known to trigger the progression of many illnesses. Objectives: This study was designed to determine changes in renal function and structure induced by renal I/R in rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanism(s). Materials and Methods: Forty seven adult male albino rats were allocated into 3 groups: Group I: Sham-Operated Control, Group II: Renal I/R in which rats were subjected to 45 minutes ischemia followed by 24 hours of reperfusion, and Group III: Stressed Renal I/R in which rats were separately subjected to immobilization stress, 2 hours/day for 4 weeks, and then exposed to renal I/R procedure. All rats were subjected to determination of body weight (BW) and kidney weight (KW), plasma levels of creatinine, urea and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as renal tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite and catalase activity. Kidney tissues were also examined histopathologically. Results: Stressed renal I/R group showed significant decrease in final BW, BW % change, KW and KW/BW, and significant increase in plasma levels of creatinine, urea, TNF-α, renal tissue MDA, and nitrite levels as compared to both renal I/R and sham-operated groups. Renal catalase significantly increased as compared to renal I/R group, but significantly decreased compared to sham-operated group. Stress provoked significant augmentation in renal histomorphological damage scores compared to renal I/R and sham groups, evidenced in the form of glomerular capsular thickening and tuft retraction, tubular cells necrosis with loss of brush borders and cast formation, interstitial cell necrosis and hemorrhage, and endothelial cell disruption. Conclusion: Chronic immobilization stress aggravated renal dysfunction and morphological disturbance induced by renal I /R injury. Accentuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and nitric oxide may contribute to such effect.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
337
354
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55276_c084261938109817eed52bd4077d2e1d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052259
EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF ANTIMULLERIAN HORMONE (AMH), FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) AND ANTRAL FOLLICLE COUNT (AFC) AS A PREDICTOR FOR CYCLE CANCELLATION IN WOMEN DURING ANTAGONISTIC PROTOCOL FOR ICSI
Buthiena
Khalil Gerriw
National Infertility Center Assisted Reproductive Technique Unit, Faculty of Medicine
author
Ismail
MohamedElfortia
National Infertility Center Assisted Reproductive Technique Unit, Faculty of Medicine
author
Hanan
El-Jabu
National Infertility Center Assisted Reproductive Technique Unit, Faculty of Medicine
author
Nahla
Ibrahim Betelmal
Misurata University Libya, and Statistical Researcher, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Abnormal ovarian reserve test (ORT) results and, woman age are strong predictors of cycle cancellation during assisted reproductive technique. Use of Anti- Mullerian hormonecan helps to decide cycle cancellation during ICSI at different age groups.
Objectives: To evaluate the role of biomarkers (Anti-Mullerian, FSH hormones) and antral follicle count, as predictors of cycle cancellation in women during antagonistic protocol ICSI.
Participants and Methods: Retrospective study of 491 cases received ovarian stimulation for ICSI by antagonist protocol during the period of 2013-2014, at Misurata National Infertility management center was conducted. Candidate characteristics were collected, endocrine data, collected during early follicular phase (D3) of the stimulating cycle (FSH, AMH). Sonographic data were collected during early follicular phase by counting antral follicles in both ovaries, and after stimulation. An antagonist protocol was applied to all patients of different age groups.
Results: Cycle cancellation occurred in 24.64% of stimulated patients. The mean age for the patients with cancelled cycles was higher than the age of those with completed cycles, and 16.7% got pregnant. The age of the women who got pregnant was lower than the age of non-pregnant women . AMH was a fair test for the discrimination between cancelled and completed cycles with a highly significant value . When investigating the three age groups, AMH was a fair test for the discrimination between cancelled and completed cycles for age group >39 years.
Conclusion: Serum AMH levels can be used as a fair predictor test for cycle cancellation especially in older age group patients. Its use can help to individualize treatments protocols and counselling in different age groups. Counselling plays an important role in addressing psychological issues discussing the risks of cycle cancellation due to costbenefit, and treatment options to ensure maximal therapy benefits and outcomes.
Correspondence: Bouthinagreiw@gmail. Research Center, National infertility center, Assisted Reproductive Technique Unit,Misurata Libya.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
355
366
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55281_d7208d0142a4a4d7a9da539116b0aaf5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052260
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM GRACEUM) AND GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE) ON DIABETIC ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS
Mohammad
Abulhasan Zoair
Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and it is one of the major health problems due to its high prevalence, chronic nature and high risk of chronic complications. Currently available therapeutic options for DM have little or no effect on lipid profile, have various adverse effects and are far from satisfactory as far as long-term complications are concerned.
Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of fenugreek and ginger on lipid profile, blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic adult male albino rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty two adult male albino rats of local strain were used and divided into four equal groups: group I (control group) was given distilled water orally, group II (diabetic group), group III (diabetic treated with fenugreek extract 1g/kg body weight, single oral daily dose for 12 weeks), and group IV (diabetic treated with ginger extract (0.5g/kg body weight in a single dose orally daily for 12 weeks). Diabetes induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) in freshly prepared physiological saline.
Results: Diabetic animals showed marked significant elevations in TG, TC and LDL, accompanied with marked decline in HDL relative to the corresponding controls. Treatment of diabetic rats with fenugreek and ginger improved the sera lipids profile as shown by the significant reduction in the values of TC, TC and LDL associated with marked elevation of HDL without significant differences between both treated groups. A significant decrease in the levels of serum insulin accompanied with marked significant elevation in the levels of blood glucose and HbA1c were recorded in diabetic rats when compared to the control rats .Marked recovery in insulin, glucose and HbA1c levels was recorded in diabetic animals post treated with fenugreek and ginger without significant differences between each other.
Conclusion: Fenugreek and ginger showed significant hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
367
374
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55284_a6c573e0abb80f67fe9b5f48942d0c64.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052261
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PORTULACA OLERACEA WATER EXTRACT AND CANAGLIFLOZIN (INVOKANA) ON ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETES IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RAT
Adel
Shalaby
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Gamal
Ahmad Shawer
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Hassan
Sabry Aly Al-Dawy
Departments of Histology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Mohammad
Abd El-Hamid Basiuny
Departments of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Mohammad
Othman Zarad
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder. There is a strong need for new drugs with little adverse effects. Canagliflozin is approved as SGLT2-inhibitor and Portulaca oleracea, herbaceous plant, have a considered efficacy and safety in glycemic control with little side effects.
Objectives: Comparing the effects of Portulaca Oleracea water extract and Canagliflozin (Invokana) on alloxan-induced diabetes in adult male albino rat.
Materials and Methods: Eighty albino rats were randomly categorized into 8 equal groups. Group I (normal control) and group II (diabetic control) were gavaged with normal saline. Three normal groups (groups III, IV, V) and three diabetic groups (groups VI, VII, VIII) were treated with Portulaca Oleracea extract (250 mg/kg body weight), Canagliflozin (10 mg/kg body weight) and both Portulaca Oleracea and Canagliflozin in the same doses respectively. Blood and tissue samples were obtained for analysis after 10 weeks of treatment.
Results: More significant reduction occured in serum glucose level by canagliflozin. Elevated liver enzymes, blood urea nitrogen and lipid profile improved more by Portulaca. Portulaca has an antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: Portulaca Oleracea extract is more potent anti-oxidant, tissue protective and regenerative agent for liver and kidney, but weaker hypoglycemic agent than canagliflozin.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
375
386
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55290_e00811bb37c8eca3cc94ae2c00d762ad.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052262
EFFECT OF QUERCETIN ADMINISTRATION ON LIPID PROFILE, INFLAMMATORY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN A RAT MODEL OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL-INDUCED HYPOTHYROIDISM
Fatma
M. Lebda
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
author
Sahar
M. El Agaty
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
author
Noha
N. Lasheen
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
author
Haliema
A. El Sherif
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, AlMergib University AlKhums, Libya
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Hypothyroidism, a prevalent disorder, has deleterious effects such as dyslipidemia, prominent oxidative stress and coexistent inflammatory state. Quercetin, a flavonoid, has unique biological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
Objectives: This study investigated the possible beneficial effects of quercetin administration on lipid profile, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in a rat model of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism.
Materials and Methods: Forty Five adult female albino rats were allocated randomly and equally into three groups: Control group, PTU-induced hypothyroid group, and quercetin-treated hypothyroid group. At the end of experimental period, all rats were subjected to measurement of the following parameters: serum levels of free tri-iodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and reduced glutathione; and plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA). Atherogenic index was also calculated.
Results: PTU-induced hypothyroid group exhibited significantly lower levels of free T3 and T4, in addition to increased final body weight and percent of body weight gain, associated with dyslipidemia compared to control group. Treating hypothyroid rats with quercetin did not regain the euthyroid status. However, it significantly reduced final body weight and percent of body weight gain compared to the hypothyroid group. Also, quercetin treatment markedly improved the hypothyroidism-induced dyslipidemia by significantly decreasing TG, TC, LDL-C and atherogenic index, accompanied by increased HDL-C compared to the hypothyroid group, achieving levels comparable to that of controls. Hypothyroid rats also displayed a significantly higher plasma MDA level and serum TNF-α level, compared to control group. Hypothyroid rats treated with quercetin showed significantly reduced plasma MDA and elevated reduced glutathione level in addition to significantly lowered serum TNF-α level, compared to untreated hypothyroid group.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a pronounced protective effect of quercetin treatment against the dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory status, in a rat model of hypothyroidism, suggesting the use of quercetin as a natural therapeutic agent for relieving hypothyroid complications.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
387
402
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55291_93eef4a3c0b6455ba3cf47bee35d0475.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052263
THE ALLEVIATIVE EFFECT OF THYMOQUINONE ON CEREBELLAR INJURY INDUCED BY FOOD AZO DYE IN RATS
Eman
S. Mahmoud
Departments of Histology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls (Cairo), Al-Azhar University
author
Azza
H. Abd Elwahab
Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls (Cairo), Al-Azhar University
author
Asmaa
F. Yousuf
Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls (Cairo), Al-Azhar University
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Tartrazine (Tz) is one of the most commonly used food additive and synthetic color that is added to food for attracting the consumers' vision. However, it might cause many toxic effects on the long run.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential ameliorating effect of thymoquinone (TQ) against possible neurotoxic effect of Tz.
Materials and Methods: Forty adult male rats were allocated into four groups: Group (1) received distilled water, Group (2) was given 10 mg TQ /kg b.wt., Group (3) was given Tz (7.5 mg/kg b.wt.) and Group (4) was given TQ concurrently with Tz. All treatments were given orally daily for 30 days. Brain neurotransmitters; norepinephrin (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5HT) and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) beside glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) protein, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were evaluated in cerebellar homogenate. Also, histological and immunohistochemical examinations for cerebellar tissue were studied.
Results: Tartrazine significantly decreased NE, DA, 5HT and GABA; as well as GSH and CAT with increased MDA, while TNF-α and Bax showed significant increase versus decreased Bcl-2. Nevertheless, TQ significantly increased NE, DA, 5HT and GABA as well as GSH and CAT beside Bcl-2, while decreasing MDA, TNF-α and Bax. Histologically, the swelling and vacuolar degeneration of the cerebellar cortex with decrease numbers of Purkinje cells and the increased apoptotic cell number that were noticed in Tz treated group improved after TQ supplementation.
Conclusion: Thymoquinone could be a good candidate for modulation of Tz – induced neurotoxicity through its antioxidant, neurotransmitter modifying, anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
403
422
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55295_56bc9035ce73d6d3a4b7023eb4d34092.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052264
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND SEVERITY OF MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS IN CAIRO, EGYPT
Alaa
Abdelwahed Shams-Eldin
Department of Community Medicine and Industrial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Menopause is a physiologic process. Understanding its nature and symptoms can help women to adapt good quality of life during this period. There are shortages of recent data about this issue in Egyptian literature.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude towards menopause among women aged 40-60 years attending primary health care centers (PHCs) in Cairo, Egypt, and to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms among them.
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Cairo, Egypt. The sample size included data from 300 Egyptian women. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to randomly select the studied two centers; El-Hagana family medicine center, and 6th district family medicine center at Nasr city. The data were collected from the studied women aged 40-60 years attending these centers by a valid structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included socio-demographic and reproductive data, and the Menopause Rating Scale rate scale (MRS) to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms. The collected data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical methods.
Results: The mean age at menopause of the studied women was 46.6 ± 3.4 years. The level of good knowledge about menopause was significantly low among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Positive attitude towards menopause, however, was prevalent regarding most studied attitude items. The mean severity score of somatic symptoms was significantly high among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Also, the mean psychological and urogenital symptoms severity scoring was significantly high among these women. The mean total severity score was significantly high in perimenopausal women.
Conclusion: The mean age at menopause was low. The observed low level of good knowledge necessitates more efforts for creating mass awareness about this issue.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
423
434
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55296_53c89edacd204e4415226a63439b1569.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052265
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM) PEELS ON THE PITUITARY GONADAL HORMONAL AXIS OF STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS
Samah
EL-Metwally Ibrahim
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Type 1- diabetes mellitus more likely induces changes in the male reproductive system and alters the hormonal synthesis. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of diabetic testicular dysfunction. Pomegranate (PG) is believed to have a variety of biologically active components with antioxidant properties.
Objectives: Evaluating the effects of PG peels on the hypogonadism and steroidogenesis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in adult male rats.
Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal experimental groups, i.e. control, non-diabetic-treated, diabetic and diabetic-treated. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ injection. The treated rats received 100 mg/kg PG peels via oral gavages once daily for 10 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were prepared for estimating fasting serum glucose (FSG), serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) levels. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and steroidogenic enzymes (3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) activities were measured in the testicular homogenate. In addition, percentages of body weight (BW) gain and relative testicular weight were recorded.
Results: STZ- induced diabetic rats exhibited decreases in BW gain, testis weight, LH, FSH, T, CAT, SOD, GSH, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD levels. However, PG peels administration improved the hyperglycemia, increased the LH, FSH and T levels. Also, the antioxidant enzyme activities and steroidogenic enzymes increased.
Conclusion: Diabetes had induced oxidative testicular dysfunction in adult rats and adversely affected the pituitary gonadal hormonal axis. Pomegranate peels has effectively reversed the diabetes- related testicular disturbances and improved gonadal steroidogenesis due to its antioxidant and antidiabetic effects.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
435
448
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55299_2a55561c9b84a5ceae28b0f74f44bb98.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052266
EFFECT OF HYOSCIN N-BUTYL BROMIDE ON GASTRIC ULCERATION INDUCED BY INDOMETHACIN AND RESTRAINT STRESS, AND ON GASTRIC SECRETION IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS
Mohamed
Samy El-Ficky
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Mohammed
Abulhasan Sayed-Ahmed Zoair
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Sayed
Abd-El Reheim Sayed
Departments of Pathology*, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
Wael
Ahmed Khattab
Departments of Medical Physiology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine
author
text
article
2018
eng
Background: Hyoscine N-butylbromide (Buscopan) is clinically used as an anticholinergic antispasmodic for the treatment of abdominal cramping or visceral pain associated with cramps.
Objectives: we aimed to study the effect of pretreatment by a single injection of various doses of Hyoscin N-butylbromide (HBB) (1mg/Kg, 2.5mg/Kg and 5mg/Kg), on changes in gastric contents in pyloric ligated rats receiving indomethacin in a dose of 100mg/Kg i.p, and on gastric ulcer formation induced in rats by the same dose of indomethacin and subjected to restraint stress.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 60 adult male albino rats, divided into two equal categories, which were further divided into five equal subgroups.
Results: Administration of HBB in doses of 1mg/Kg (i.p) to rats subjected to restraint stress and indomethacin administration in a dose of 100mg/kg led to insignificant decrease in the gastric ulcer index relative to the group received indomethacin and subjected to restraint stress with a protection ratio of (3%). Administration of HBB in doses of 2.5mg/Kg and 5mg/Kg (i.p) to rats subjected to restraint stress and indomethacin administration in a dose of 100mg/kg led to a significant decrease in the gastric ulcer index relative the group received indomethacin and subjected to restraint stress with a protection ratio of 60.46% and 66.41% respectively. Administration of HBB in doses of 1mg/Kg, 2.5mg/Kg and 5mg/Kg (i.p) to pyloric-ligated rats led to a significant decrease in gastric juice volume, acid concentration and the total acid output compared to the group receiving indomethacin.
Conclusion: Intraperitoneal administration of HBB in doses of 1mg/Kg, 2.5mg/Kg and 5mg/Kg to rats in a dose-dependent manner led to a prophylactic effect against stress induced gastric ulcers, with a protection ratio of 3%, 60.46% and 66.41% respectively.
Al-Azhar Medical Journal
Al-Azhar Scientific Medical Society
1110-0400
47
v.
2
no.
2018
449
466
https://amj.journals.ekb.eg/article_55304_21df3cdf7dedd695388d856a124d92c3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.12816/0052267